2. Ctenophores Emma Farison Honors Biology Miracle 4ACD Emma Farison Honors Biology Miracle 4ACD

3. CharacteristicsCharacteristics Small size (from 3mm - 3cm) Resembles a jellyfish Transparent Generally colorless Can have red, orange, or black areas Small size (from 3mm - 3cm) Resembles a jellyfish Transparent Generally colorless Can have red, orange, or black areas Diploblastic: two body layers EctodermGastroderm Many bilateral features, some are asymmetrical, this is called biradial Many bilateral features, some are asymmetrical, this is called biradial

4. Where do Ctenophores live?  Ctenophores are marine animals  They live in most ocean habitats  Polar  Tropical  Inshore  Offshore  Surface  Deep sea  Ctenophores are marine animals  They live in most ocean habitats  Polar  Tropical  Inshore  Offshore  Surface  Deep sea

5. Ctenophores are… Invertebrates !!

6. And… Have no specialized circulatory system

7. NutritionNutrition  Ctenophores eat copepods, amiphipods, krill, and clam and snail larvae  Colloblasts (glue bud) help grab and bind to the prey  Some coil around prey  The tentacle contracts and brings it to the mouth  It is pre-digested in the gullet by enzymes  Ingested  2 anal pores, sometimes used for excretion  Usually excrete waste through mouth  Ctenophores eat copepods, amiphipods, krill, and clam and snail larvae  Colloblasts (glue bud) help grab and bind to the prey  Some coil around prey  The tentacle contracts and brings it to the mouth  It is pre-digested in the gullet by enzymes  Ingested  2 anal pores, sometimes used for excretion  Usually excrete waste through mouth

8. Reproductive Cycle  Hermaphroditic  Few like the ocryopsis have separate sexes  Ctenophores reproduce at an early age  Self fertilization is rare, even though they can  Hermaphroditic  Few like the ocryopsis have separate sexes  Ctenophores reproduce at an early age  Self fertilization is rare, even though they can

9. Reproduction in Beroe Ovata  Gametes freed into sea through holes in ectoderm (gonopores)  Several sperm find and fertilize eggs  Pronucleus floats around & decides which sperm to fuse with  Rejection of sperm based on close ties and fitness level  Egg divides 2x  Biradial symmetry is set  Free floating “larva” grow  Gametes freed into sea through holes in ectoderm (gonopores)  Several sperm find and fertilize eggs  Pronucleus floats around & decides which sperm to fuse with  Rejection of sperm based on close ties and fitness level  Egg divides 2x  Biradial symmetry is set  Free floating “larva” grow

10. Ctenophora translates to mean “comb holder -this refers to the 8 rows of cilia on its body Bioluminescence = production of light -Ctenophora swarm on the ocean surface, making a bright light display Less than 100 species are known of They are related to cnidrians, but lack nematocysts Movement by waving cilia, dragging common long flagella behind Ctenophora translates to mean “comb holder -this refers to the 8 rows of cilia on its body Bioluminescence = production of light -Ctenophora swarm on the ocean surface, making a bright light display Less than 100 species are known of They are related to cnidrians, but lack nematocysts Movement by waving cilia, dragging common long flagella behind

11. Works Cited  www.faculty.washington.edu/cemills/ctenoph ores.html www.faculty.washington.edu/cemills/ctenoph ores.html  www.oz.plymouth.edu/~Its/invertebrates/pri mer/text/ctenophora www.oz.plymouth.edu/~Its/invertebrates/pri mer/text/ctenophora  www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctenophore www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctenophore  www.faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/ animalstructure/outlines/ctenophora www.faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/ animalstructure/outlines/ctenophora  Towle, Albert. Modern Biology. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. 702.  www.faculty.washington.edu/cemills/ctenoph ores.html www.faculty.washington.edu/cemills/ctenoph ores.html  www.oz.plymouth.edu/~Its/invertebrates/pri mer/text/ctenophora www.oz.plymouth.edu/~Its/invertebrates/pri mer/text/ctenophora  www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctenophore www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctenophore  www.faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/ animalstructure/outlines/ctenophora www.faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/ animalstructure/outlines/ctenophora  Towle, Albert. Modern Biology. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1999. 702.