1. Ch. 9 Test Review Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

2. Question 1 The Nervous System is responsible for keeping a stable internal environment, this is known as…

3. Question 2 The Nervous System is divided into two main divisions, they are:

4. Question 3 The Central Nervous System consists of?

5. Question 4 The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into?

6. Question 5 The Autonomic NS is divided into these two systems; They act together in an “on-off” fashion.

7. Question 6 This is an example of an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling.

8. Question 7 _____ Cells are nonconducting cells which are important for structural support (Like glue).

9. Question 8 A sensory neuron that sends information towards the body, is known as

10. Question 9 A motor neuron acts in an opposite fashion and sends information away from the body, this is known as.

11. Question 10 These neurons are found in the spinal cord and act as a “middle” stage that link neurons for the ‘reflex arc’.

12. Question 11 Sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons make up this response

13. Question 12 The _____ neuron acts upon muscles, glands and organs, it is known as ?

14. Question 13 ______ receive information or impulses/stimuli (tree-like structure)

15. Question 14 _______ is an extension of cytoplasm that projects nerve impulses from the cell body (usually long and thin)

16. Question 15 The myelin sheath is made up of a fatty substance that is created by

17. Question 16 The ____ _____ insulates the axon and prevents loss of charged ions from the nerve cell.

18. Question 17 Between each myelin sheath is a gap that speeds up action potentials this is called

19. Question 18 ______ _______ occurs as the action potential moves down the axon and it is said to “jump” from node to node…

20. Question 19 In Multiple Sclerosis and ALD patients, this happens resulting in decreased conduction of an action potential.

21. Question 20 The two major ions involved in the action potential are

22. Question 21 A membrane is said to be _________ due to the unequal distribution of positively charged ions inside and outside the nerve cell

23. Question 22 The outside of the axon is said to have a ________ charge, while on the inside of the axon we have a ______ charge

24. Question 23 The voltage change across the membrane in known as an ______ _______

25. Question 24 The influx (flowing in) of Sodium ions causes the membrane to become _______

26. Question 25 During the ______ period, a neuron will not generate another action potential

27. Question 26 The _______ / _______ pump works to return the neuron back to resting membrane potential

28. Question 27 At the synapse, The two major chemical components are…

29. Question 28 The function of Cholinesterase in the Synaptic cleft is to…

30. Question 29 This process helps a stimulus reach threshold to generate an action potential

31. Question 30 Thin protective membranes that provide protection for the brain and spinal cord are called ?

32. Question 31 The increased size of this has “separated” humans from all other species (allowing them to become more sophisticated).

33. Question 32 This structure in the brain is located below the cerebrum and is responsible for sensory impulses

34. Question 33 This structure in the brain is attached to the pituitary gland, is important in autonomic functions and h elps regulate body temperature

35. Question 34 The Pons is located in the

36. Question 35 This portion of the brain is responsible for swallowing and monitoring heart rate

37. Question 36 The cerebrum is composed of ______ matter

38. Question 37 This disease results from degeneration of neurons in the midbrain, and impairs motor skills, speech and other functions (Michael J. Fox, Mohammed Ali)

39. Question 38 This system prepares you for stressful events, What is it. “Fight or Flight”

40. Question 39 This system returns your body to normal functions, What is it? “Rest and digest”

41. Question 40 Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum and state a function for each…

42. Question 41 Briefly Explain why an action potential can only travel forward down a neuron and not backwards.

43. Question 42 State the steps that happen in an action potential starting with… 1) A stimulus reaches threshold and an AP is generate…

44. Question 43 Review synapse hand out and explain the process of the synapse starting with… 1) An impulse reaches the synapse from the axon…

45. Question 44 Number 1-7 and label correctly…

46. Question 45 Label

47. Answers 1. Homeostais 2. CNS & PNS 3. Brain and Spinal Cord 4. Somatic NS and Autonomic NS 5. Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS 6. Neuron or Nerve Cell 7. Glial Cells 8. Afferent

48. 9) Efferent 10) Interneurons 11) Reflex arc 12) Effector (neuron) 13) Dendrites 14) Axon 15) Schwann Cells 16) Myelin Sheath 17) Node of Ranvier

49. 18) Saltatory conduction 19) Myelin breaks down 20) Sodium and Potassium 21) Polarized 22) Positive, Negative 23) Action Potential 24) Depolarized 25) Refractory Period

50. 26) Sodium/Potassium Pump 27) Acetylcholine/Cholinesterase 28) Remove/Breakdown Acetylcholine 29) Summation 30) Meninges 31) Forebrain/Cerebrum 32) Thalamus 33) Hypothalamus

51. 34) hindbrain 35) Medulla Oblongata 36) White 37) Parkinson’s Disease 38) Sympathetic NS 39) Parasympathetic NS

52. 40)

53. 41) Acetylcholine is released in the synaptic terminal of a neuron. An action potential travel down the axon toward the terminal where it causes neurotransmitter to be released which bind to receptors on the following dendrite (post synaptic membrane) and a new action potential to be created. Cannot reverse this because dendrites do not release acetylcholine.

54. Acetylcholine is released in the synaptic terminal of a neuron. An action potential travel down the axon toward the terminal where it causes neurotransmitter to be released which bind to receptors on the following dendrite (post synaptic membrane) and a new action potential to be created. Cannot reverse this because dendrites do not release acetylcholine.

55. 42) AP generated Sodium channels open Sodium rushes in (depolarization) Potassium Channels open Potassium rushes out Sodium/Potassium pump works to repolarize membrane AP continues along the axon

56. 43) Answer on Synapse sheet that was given out in class…