1. What Are The Best Traps And Methods To Kill A Fly USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) 1600 S. W. 23 rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA Jerry Hogsette

2. Vector Biology Research Program U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt Uli BernierDan Kline Barry Furman David Hoel

3. Plenty of house fly traps to choose from! Hanging toxicant device Sticky trap on post Box trap Bag trap Hanging plastic bag with water trap

4. So which type of trap is best for which situation?

5. Objective: Hypothesis: Military Relevance: To evaluate commercially available and novel fly traps and toxic baits in selected geographic locations and under a variety of environmental conditions. Performance of fly traps is dependent on geographic location and environmental conditions. To make it easy for commanders to select the best fly trap or bait for current situation.

6. NAMRU – 3, Cairo, Egypt 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009

7. Vaccine Institute

8. 2 Wet traps Captivator 1 Sticky trap E Z Trap Fly Relief 2006

9. Golden Malrin & Blue Streak Scatter Baits QuikStrike & QuickBayt Bait Strips 2006

10. Bait strips placed in buckets of sand Scatter baits placed on trays 2006

11. Trap placement 1. The 7 traps/baits/bait strips were rotated through 7 sites. 2. The traps/baits/bait strips were left at each site for 24 hours, then flies were counted. 3. Study was replicated 3 times.

12. Captivator The wet jar trap (Farnam Captivator) captured significantly more flies. Mean = 704.3(±125.0)a Fly Relief The wet bag trap captured significantly less flies than the Captivator trap, but significantly more than the remaining devices. Mean =583.3(±117.7)b Results 2006

13. 43.7(±7.8)c E Z Trap 32.5(±3.5)c 17.6(±5.4)c 4.7(±0.6)c 1.1(±0.4)c Mean number of flies No significant difference in mean numbers of flies captured by remaining devices. 2006 Dry scatter baits killed significantly less numbers of flies than the baited wet traps.

14. Captivator Current recommendation under desert conditions would be to use traps containing moisture. Fly Relief Scatter baits and bait strips may be more effective if flies have access to water nearby.

15. 2007 Captivator + Bait + Scatter Bait Captivator Captivator + Bait Captivator + Water + Scatter Bait Scatter Bait on Metal Pan Scatter Bait on Cardboard Pan Captivator + Water

16. There was no significant difference between the mean numbers of flies killed by the Captivator trap with Farnam bait suspended above Blue Streak bait and the Captivator trap with Farnam bait. Results Captivator These two trap and trap/bait devices captured significantly more flies than all other devices. Mean = 2243.1(±297.0)a Mean =2072.9(±357.8)a 2007

17. Mean number of flies No significant difference in mean numbers of flies captured by remaining devices. (Captivator baited with water) (Captivator baited with water) 2007 529.9 (±130.4)b 347.4 (±154.9)b 311.4 (±142.9)b 3.1 (±1.2)b

18. 2008 Active ingredients: Imidacloprid – 10.0% Z-9-Tricosene – 0.1% A liquid bait before application, but a dry bait after application.

19. 2008 In Aswan in April, 2008, formulated bait was applied to wooden templates to determine whether flies were attracted and if they were killed. Flies were attracted as long as bait remained wet. Flies landing on bait died in a matter of minutes.

20. 2008 At NAMRU-3 in Cairo, the Bayer QuickBayt was applied to wooden templates at the label rate and allowed to dry. Treated templated were evaluated at the Vaccine Institute.

21. 2008 Treatments included: Captivator Captivator trap with Farnam bait. Captivator baited with water. And of course, the wooden templates treated with QuickBayt.

22. 2008 Results: Mean Number of flies killed or captured Captivator (Captivator with Farnam bait) (Captivator with water) (Wooden templates treated with QuickBayt) 2229.6 (± 128.3)a 7.7 (± 2.0)b 1.4 (± 0.5)b

23. Captivator (Wooden templates treated with QuickBayt) Current recommendations under desert conditions are still to use traps containing moisture. Dry scatter baits and liquid baits allowed to become dry killed significantly less numbers of flies than the baited wet traps.

24. To compare the efficacy of the BugJammer fly traps, with and without sound, with the standard Captivator fly traps baited with the Farnam fly bait. Performance of fly traps is dependent on geographic location and environmental conditions. Although they have been designed as a trap for stable flies, BugJammer traps will attract and capture house flies outdoors as well as indoors. Objective: Hypothesis: Military Relevance: 2009

25. BugJammer traps - evaluated in Aswan in 2008 against sand flies.

26. What is the BugJammer Trap? Housing covered by a sticky sleeve. Speaker PVC tube with electronics inside Base Power 2009

27. Underneath the speaker are 4 ‘D’ cell batteries to power a microchip… …on which is recorded the heartbeat of a dog in a continuous loop. 2009

28. Trap placement 2009

29. 1.The traps were rotated through the 3 trap sites. 2. The traps were left at each site for 24 hours, then flies were counted. 4. Tests were replicated 3 times. 3. Captivator trap was emptied and recharged with water and bait. Clean sticky paper was put on the Bug Jammer traps. Experimental design: 2009 Three traps – BugJammer on, BugJammer off, Captivator with bait.

30. The wet jar trap (Farnam Captivator) captured significantly more house flies. Mean = 5958.9 (± 905.8)a BugJammer Mean =1322.8 (± 377.2)b 2009 Results Captivator Bugjammer Sound On: Mean =1383.7 (± 341.0)b Bugjammer Sound Off:

31. However, it appears that the BugJammer trap may have captured the maximum number of flies it could hold within the 24-hr test period. 2009

32. Captivator Current recommendation under desert conditions would be to use traps containing moisture. Fly Relief Scatter baits and bait strips may be more effective if flies have access to water nearby.

33. NSN for the Terminator trap. Similar trap/bait evaluations are planned in other geographical locations in different climatic zones, eg. Northern Australia, Southeast Asia, Peru. Future Direction: Technology Transfer: Manuscript is in preparation.

34. The End