1. HAW CREEK, PIKE COUNTY, MISSOURI-TRIB TO SALT RIVER ERODING STREAM THREATHENING COUNTY ROAD #107, FOURTEEN FT TALL ERODING BANK WITHIN 4 FT OF THE ROAD, PROJECT CONSTRUCTED IN 1 DAY, MARCH 10, 2009 BY PIKE COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS DEPT, LaDON ATKINSON, ROAD SUPERVISOR

2. HAW CREEK GENERAL INFORMATION  Bank erosion is threatening county road, threatening public safety  Stream wildly meandering in response to historic straightening  Decent riparian areas in places  Bed material: gravel-sand. Channel is incised  Pool-riffle-pool regime, slope less than 1%  Average width 30-40 ft, 15 ft tall banks  Funding, equipment, and manpower provided by Pike County, MO

3. PRE-PROJECT PHOTOS by JAYNIE DOERR, REGULATORY, ST. LOUIS DISTRICT FEBRUARY 25, 2009

4. Looking DS @ the lower end of the project bend PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR 2-25-09

5. Looking DS @ exit conditions to the project bend PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR 2-25-09

6. Looking US @ the project bend. Road is 4 ft from 14 ft tall eroding bank. PRE-PROJECT - HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY MO. PIX BY JAYNIE DOERR 2-25-09

7. Down at the farm & feed store, education !!!! CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

8. CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS by Dave Derrick, COE; Jaynie Doerr, COE; & Matt Methaney, MDC MARCH 10, 2009

9. We have 500 willows, stone, diesel, equipment, and time on our hands! A dangerous combination!! CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

10. Forest Pike County Highway 107 The vertical eroding bank is 14 ft tall & 4 ft from the shoulder of the road. WE NEED SPACE!!!! Haw Creek, MO Pre-project Forest

11. Pike County Highway 107 110 ft of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection with Single Stone Bendway Weirs Haw Creek, MO. Highway protection plan 30 ft long vegetated key with soil cover Straight vegged key 15 ft wide engineered floodplain bench with Living Dikes, poles, & Live Siltation

12. Pike County Highway 107 Haw Creek, MO. Highway protection plan

13. Self-Adjusting, Self-Filtering Stone Depending on size, angularity, and gradation, stone can be neither, either, or both!!  Self-Adjusting Stone: Stone must be well-graded (from coarse to fine) so that it has the ability to "launch", or self-adjust into, and armor, scour holes formed on the streamward side, and/or stream end, of a river training structure. -Charlie Elliott says a good rule of thumb in Mississippi sand-bed streams {CAUTION: this might not apply equally well to every stream in the world} is that one ton of rock per linear ft will armor three ft of scour  Self-Filtering Stone A soil analysis should always be performed to determine stability and erodability of bank materials and whether a filter material, (either granular or synthetic) is required. A self-filtering stone that has worked well on the Mississippi River, and numerous other rivers and smaller streams (acting as a granular filter to prevent loss of underlying bank material) has 10% to 15% of the gradation either less that 4 inches in diameter, or less than one pound in weight, depending on how the stone is specified.

14. QUESTIONABLE STONE Stone used for keys & LPSTP was a sub-standard shot rock of questionable hardness. The amount of fine material was close to 20-30%. This was a self-filtering stone, but not well-graded, & not self- adjusting.

15. Stone is not well-graded & too many fines. The stone is self- filtering, but not self-adjusting, but only $4.70/ton delivered. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

16. STONE COSTS However, the stone was extremely inexpensive. The 432 tons of rock used in the project, at $4.70 per ton (delivered) total cost of stone = $2032. That was very cost effective for what we accomplished.

17. THE PLAN

18. HAW CREEK METHODS EMPLOYED  110 ft of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP), crest built to 4 ft above the base flow water surface elevation  Locked Logs  A vegetated floodplain bench  Single-Stone & Short Bendway Weirs  Live Willow Pole Plantings  Vegetated & curved upstream key, straight DS key  Living Dikes  Slit Brush Layering (Joint Planting) in riprap bank  Live Siltation

19. We will construct from upstream (US) to downstream (DS)

20. THE UPSTREAM KEY

21. A KEY HAS ONE MAIN JOB, TO CONNECT THE RIVER TRAINING STRUCTURE TO THE REST OF THE WORLD (DON’T LET THE STREAM GET BEHIND {FLANK} RIVER TRAINING STRUCTURES)

22. THE STEP-BY-STEPS FOR HAW CREEK, TRIB. TO SALT RIVER, PIKE COUNTY, FRANKFORT, IOWA All drawings by Dave Derrick

23. Detail for key Cross-section for keyway Flow

24. Looking DS at hoe digging the upstream key. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

25. Looking DS. Setting topsoil aside for use as backfill topping CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

26. Place Willow Poles against the DS side of the trench Detail for key Flow

27. Looking DS. Placing willow poles against the DS side of key trench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

28. Place stone in trench Detail for key Flow

29. Choke stone with gravel (white areas) & water in. Detail for key Flow

30. Looking DS. Placing stone and creek gravel choke in US key trench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

31. Backfill and overfill with native soils, then compact (some settling will still occur) Detail for key Flow

32. Looking DS. Backfilling key with quality top soil. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

33. Hydro seed DONE Detail for key Flow

34. LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

35. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) WITH SINGLE-STONE BENDWAY WEIRS, LOCKED LOGS, SOIL CHOKING, LIVE SILTATION, POLE PLANTINGS, LIVING DIKES, ROOTED – STOCK PLANTS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH

36. Stream channel Top bank Eroding bank ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Road

37. “Locked Logs” placed on bed of river for improved aquatic habitat & energy dissipation. Locked Logs should be angled downstream 25 to 35 degrees so as to shed debris. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Road

38. LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION {LPSTP}  Description: A continuous stone dike placed longitudinally at, or slightly streamward of, the toe of the eroding bank. Cross-section is triangular. The LPSTP does not necessarily follow the toe exactly, but can be placed to form a "smoothed" alignment through the bend. Smoothed alignment might not be desirable from the environmental or energy dissipation points of view. Amount of stone used (2 tons/linear ft, 1 ton/ft, or less) depends on depth of scour at the toe, estimated stream forces (impinging flow) on the bank, and flood durations and stages.  Tie-backs are short dikes connecting the LPSTP to the bank at regular intervals. Tie-backs are usually the same height as the LPSTP or elevated slightly toward the bank end, and are keyed into the bank. If tie-backs are long they should be angled upstream to act as bendway weirs.

39. Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) As-built After a couple of high flow events stream has scoured at the toe & stone has self-adjusted Sediment has deposited landward of the LPSTP

40. Locked Logs are then “locked” under the Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP). ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP)

41. Looking US. LPSTP crest is 4 ft above base flow stage CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

42. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Tree or shrub poles (called Live Siltation) installed on top of LPSTP Willow, dogwood, river birch poles can then be laid on the stone and up against the bank. Basal ends should be in vadose zone (capillary zone). Willow used on this project.

43. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Live Willow poles were then laid up against the eroded bank

44. Looking DS. Class laying willow on LPSTP & against bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DOERR 3-10-09

45. Looking US. Class laying willow poles against eroding bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

46. Looking US. LPSTP with willow on both sides of floodplain bench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

47. Looking DS. Derrick teaching during construction CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DOERR 3-10-09

48. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Backfill material from point bar to form a floodplain bench at the Q-2 flood elevation

49. Looking DS. Backfilling between LPSTP & bank to form floodplain bench @ the Q-2 elevation. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

50. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) At intervals, install willow Living Dikes (densely deep-planted adventitious poles perpendicular to direction of high flow)

51. Floodplain bench planted on a grid pattern Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH A FLOODPLAIN BENCH WITH VEGETATION PLANTED ON A GRID PATTERN. Living Dikes- plants perpendicular to flow Live Siltation Live Poles

52. Looking US. Installing Living Dikes perpendicular to high flow, Live Siltation & Live Poles are parallel with the stream. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

53. A Living Dike (perpendicular to high flow) on the floodplain bench. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

54. Looking DS. Nice S-shaped creek alignment. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

55. ENHANCED LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION (LPSTP) Install appropriate rooted-stock plants on the floodplain bench & seed and mulch, or hydro-seed. Floodplain bench will be seeded and mulched, & rooted-stock plants added shortly.

56. Flow AERIAL VIEW OF ENHANCED LPSTP WITH SINGLE- STONE BENDWAY WEIRS, & A FLOODPLAIN BENCH. NOTE ROAD IS ONLY 4 FT FROM BANK Single-Stone Bendway Weir

57. Looking from top bank. Placing a Single-Stone Bendway Weir (SSBW) against the LPSTP. SSBW were spaced 20-25 ft apart. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

58. Looking from top bank. Single-Stone Bendway Weirs CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

59. Looking US. Single Stone Bendway Weirs will move thalweg from toe of LPSTP out to the ends of the SSBW’s CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

60. JOINT PLANTING IN EXISTING RIPRAP The county got a little ahead of us by placing riprap against the bank @ the DS end, so we left it, but I wanted to show how hard it was to vegetate that new existing riprap.

61. Looking DS. LaDon grabbing poles, some poles in. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

62. Looking DS. Track hoe had a very hard time digging & raising stone a few inches to insert the willow stakes. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

63. Looking DS. Hoe had a very hard time digging in & raising stone so stakes can be inserted into the riprap CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

64. Looking DS. Row of willow stakes have been inserted into the riprap bank. It was hard to do. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX BY DERRICK 3-10-09

65. THE DOWNSTREAM KEY In this case the key is vegetated & parallel to the bank so that flow will not cross and erode the opposite bank.

66. Look sideways @ the downstream key with live poles. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

67. PROJECT CONSTRUCTED IN 1 DAY, MARCH 10, 2009

68. PROJECT COMPLETE LOOKING FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM

69. Looking DS @ floodplain bench, willows, LPSTP, SSBW. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

70. Looking DS. Note straight exit flow does not adversely affect DS opposite bank. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

71. PROJECT COMPLETE LOOKING FROM DOWNSTREAM TO UPSTREAM

72. Looking US @ completed Joint Planting in riprap, floodplain bench, 110 ft of LPSTP, SSBW & US vegetated key. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

73. Looking US@ floodplain bench, willows, LPSTP, US key, & US bend. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

74. Looking US @ flow attack angle into project bend. CONSTRUCTION-HAW CREEK-PIKE COUNTY, MO. PIX-METHANEY 3-10-09

75. Bank Protection redundancy: Fully functioning both hydraulically & environmentally. Multiple protection redundancy. LPSTP provides a robust, adjustable, direct armor bank toe protection. Single-Stone Bendway Weirs move scour & thalweg away from attacked bank, with velocities reduced within weir field. Locked Logs & vegetation roughness reduces near- bank velocities. Roots strengthen bank & bind soil. Floodplain bench plantings reduce flow velocities, provide stability & a continuous riparian corridor.

76. Stream Project Functions:  LPSTP provides scour protection at toe  Integrated Live Siltation provides vegetative roughness, increases height of protection “soft protection”, shades stone & water, & has many wildlife functions {everything from carbon input to structure cover to insect production, beneficial to pollinators, etc.}  Vegetation on bank planted to slow floodwaters, capture alluvium, colluvium, woody debris, carbon, and native seed.  Bendway Weirs increase stream roughness, provide mini pool- riffle-pool sequences, reduce toe scour, & provide diversity & complexity of depth, velocity (horizontal & vertical) & substrate, & move the thalweg away from the toe of the eroding bank  Integrated Locked Logs dissipate energy, reduce near-field scour, provide toe protection & aquatic habitat complexity  Container plants on bank & overbank (to be added soon) will provide a diversity of plant species for fully functioning riparian corridor.

77. LESS THAN 2 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking US to DS Photos by LaDon Atkinson MAY 4, 2009

78. LaDon Atkinson, Pike County Road Supervisor says “The veg is looking great! This little creek has been hammered with water. We have had several rains and the last one was 3.5" in a couple of hours. The water has been on the floodplain bench 3 or 4 times now, notice all the sediment that has dropped out.”

79. 2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON 5-4-2009 Looking DS @ LPSTP, Bendway Weirs, poles & floodplain bench.

80. 2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON 5-4-2009 Looking DS @ willow poles in US key

81. 2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON 5-4-2009 Looking DS @ the floodplain bench (overtopped 3 times in 2 months)

82. 2 MONTHS LATER-HAW CR.-PIKE COUNTY, MO PIX-ATKINSON 5-4-2009 Looking DS @ section of project parallel with road.

83. 4 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking US to DS Photos by LaDon Atkinson JULY 11, 2009

84. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ the project bend. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

85. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ the US key. Great willow growth 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

86. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ key, floodplain bench, & LPSTP 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

87. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ the thalweg trace, LPSTP, Single Stone Bendway Weirs & the floodplain bench. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

88. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ LPSTP & Slit Brush Layering in riprap 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

89. After 4 months, great growth from the 500 willows we planted! LaDon says the floodplain bench has about 6 inches of sediment deposition on it.

90. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ floodplain bench 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

91. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS @ Slit Brush Layering in riprap 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

92. 4 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Looking DS to US Photos by LaDon Atkinson JULY 11, 2009

93. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ thalweg, SSBW & LPSTP. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

94. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ SSBW, LPSTP & Live Siltation 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

95. 4 MONTHS LATER-From top bank looking US @ project bend 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

96. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ project & road 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

97. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US-close-up of floodplain bench. Fantastic growth & great hydraulic roughness. 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

98. 4 MONTHS LATER-Looking US @ a Living Dike on the floodplain bench 4 MONTHS LATER - HAW CREEK–From LaDon Atkinson-7-11-09

99. Haw Creek Project (5 inch rain 48 hours prior to photos) September 20, 2010 Two Growing Seasons After Completion Photos By Rob Gramke, Regulatory, St. Louis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

100. Looking upstream from road Sep 2010-notice how wide the shoulder appears now March 2009-bank 4 feet from road

101. Looking upstream May 2009 April 2010

102. Looking upstream – September 2010

103. Looking downstream March 2009 September 2010

104. Looking downstream from left descending bank. The vegetation has almost completely grown over the rock – Sept 2010

105. From the road-notice height of willows (Sept 2010) These are happy willows!

106. Rock toe & short Bendway Weirs

107. Locked log still in place

108. Bad dog & sneering baby CLEOPHUS & PEYTON

109. 1947 Wurlitzer & Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick