1. UNIT3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES

2. FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION
Recreational uses of forests include:
Hiking
Fishing
Canoeing
Solitude
Camping
Hunting
ATVing
Biking
Skiing
Berry-picking
Bird-watching

3. FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING
COMMERCIAL CUTTING
Cutting for INDUSTRY USE, such as PULP and PAPER, SAWMILLS, and VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS

4. COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: KRUGER CBPPL 1500+ employees
800+ woodlands
40-50 rural communities

5. COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . EXAMPLE: LUMBER PRODUCTION
1670 commercial and domestic sawmills in NL
3000 people employed in this province

6. FOREST USE 2 – HARVESTING
DOMESTIC CUTTING
Cutting for HEATING or SUPPLEMENTAL HEATING of our HOMES
In 1993, 33 % of the population in NL used WOOD as either a PRIMARY or SECONDARY source of heat
Each year, about 450,000 cubic meters of wood is harvested for use as fuel.

7. FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING
VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS
Wood and wood-products can be processes and worked into many fine products, such as:
Guitars
Kitchen Cabinets
Hardwood Flooring
Furniture
Maple Syrup
Wood Pellets

8. FOREST USE 3 – ECONOMY
In addition to employment in HARVESTING ACTIVITIES, there are many other forest-related careers, including
CONSERVATION ex: wildlife officer
ECOTOURISM ex: outfitting, sight- seeing
RESEARCH ex: soil scientist

9. TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES
UNIT 3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES

14. FOREST TERMINOLOGY BIOSPHERE BIOME FOREST The living portion of Earth
Subdivision of the biosphere
One Biome is the FOREST BIOME
FOREST
A community of living organisms in which TREES are the dominant form of life.

15. FOREST TERMINOLOGY CANOPY UNDERSTORY FOREST FLOOR
The “roof” of a forest with the crowns of the dominant trees and other vegetation.
UNDERSTORY
The area below the canopy, made up of shrubs, snags, and small trees.
FOREST FLOOR
The lowest level of the forest, which is made up of tree seeds, dead leaves and needles, grasses, ferns, flowers, fungi, and decaying plants and logs.

16. FOREST TERMINOLOGY CONIFEROUS TREE “Cone-bearing” or soft wood
Waxy, evergreen needles
Examples:
Spruce, pine, fir, cedar
Products:
Pulp and paper, lumber, plywood
DECIDUOUS TREE
Hard wood
Shed leaves every winter, new buds in the spring
Birch, maple, cherry, walnut
Furniture, flooring

17. FOREST CATEGORIES There are 2 MAJOR FOREST CATEGORIES: TROPICAL FOREST
Tropical Rain Forest
NON-TROPICAL FOREST
Boreal (Taiga)
Temperate Deciduous
Temperate Rainforest

18. TROPICAL FOREST Greatest Biodiversity
1 km2 may contain as many as 100 different tree species
Located near equator in TROPICAL REGION
No Winter, Only a rainy and a dry season
Temperatures 20 – 25oC all year
Precipitation occurs all year, with an annual rainfall of about 2000 mm
Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic
Canopy is multilayered and continuous, so very shaded on forest floor
Biggest Threat is DEFORESTATION due to AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

19. BOREAL FOREST The world’s largest land biome
Found across Eurasia and North America
Short, moist, warm summers and long, cold, dry winters
Precipitation is mostly snow
Soil is thin, nutrient-poor and acidic
Canopy permits low light penetration, so understory is limited
Biggest threat is LOGGING

20. TEMPERATE FOREST Located Below Boreal Regions Well-defined seasons
Fertile soil
Precipitation is about cm per year
Canopy is penetrated by light, allowing for a diverse understory
Biggest threat is URBANIZATION

21. CANADIAN FORESTS
Canada is sometimes referred to as the “land of forests”, with forests covering 45 % of the total land area of Canada
Forest have shaped our trade, commerce, as well as our art and literature.
Canada has nearly 10 % of the world’s forests.

22. CANADIAN FORESTS . . . In CANADA,
About 90% of our forests are CONIFEROUS.
About 1% of our forests are DECIDUOUS.
About 9% of our forests are MIXED STANDS.

23. TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS
UNIT 3 - FORESTRY
TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS

24. WHAT IS THE VALUE OF FOREST?
Students must work in groups to find examples of each type of value relating to forests in our world.
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
ECOLOGICAL

25. WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE FOREST?
ECONOMIC
ECOLOGICAL
SOCIAL

26. SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES
SOCIAL VALUE - FOREST
A “way of life”
Historical ties/ “sense of place”
Spiritual importance
Recreational significance
SOCIAL/CULTURAL VALUES

27. ECONOMIC VALUE $ - FOREST
Pulp and Paper
Lumber/Sawmilling Industry
Value-Added Industry
Other
Tourism/Recreation
Outfitters, Eco-tourism
Bio-fuel Production
Wood pellets, Briquettes
Specialty Items
Wreaths, Wine, Jam, Pharmaceuticals, Furniture, etc.
ECONOMIC VALUES

28. ECOLOGICAL VALUE - FOREST
Climate Regulation
Carbon Storage
Water Cycling
Soil Stabilization
Reduce Air Pollution
Animal Habitat
Watersheds
ECOLOGICAL VALUES