1. The Size of Cells and Their Components

2. Organic Compounds -Living organisms are made up of organic compounds -CHNOPS -main elements found in living organisms

3. -All organic compounds contain carbon (exceptions: CO 2, CO, CaCO 3 )

4. -Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds -Carbon based molecules form chains, branched chains, rings, etc.

5. 4 Classes of Organic Compounds: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

6. Carbohydrates -contain C, H, O (1:2:1) -include sugars, starches, cellulose -used for energy storage and to build cell walls -names usually end in "-ose"

7. Lipids -fats, oils, waxes, steroids -not soluble in water -more energy (calories) in lipids than in carbohydrates -energy storage, insulation, cell membrane, coatings

8. Cell Membrane Phospholipid bilayer

9. Proteins: - the most abundant and varied of organic compounds - contain C, H, N, O (S)

10. A.Types of protein 1.Structural: -keratin (hair, fingernails), collagen 2.Contractile: -actin and myosin (muscle) 3.Pigments: -melanin (in skin, hair, iris)

11. 4.Hormones: -regulate body functions (insulin) 5.Antibodies: -fight disease 6.Enzymes: - amylase (in saliva), lactase

12. Amino Acids - building blocks of proteins - 20 different amino acids - proteins contain between 50 - 2000 amino acids

13. Nucleic Acids - 2 major types: A.DNA -contains hereditary information (genes) -double helix B. RNA -controls protein synthesis -single helix