1. PRIMARY CAUSES NEW ALLIANCES BEGINNING OF THE WAR World War II 1939-1945

2. Primary Causes of World War II Problems with Treaty of Versailles Germany was blamed for starting World War I. Germany was forbidden to have a standing army of more than 100,000 soldiers. Germany was prohibited from having a navy or air force. Germany was instructed to stay out of the Rhineland. The Rise of Fascism Italy and Germany both embraced a Fascist form of government. Fascism emphasized free market economics, a fear of communism, and placed a large emphasis on militarism. Mussolini became the dictator of Italy. Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933. Germany Remilitarizes In March 1935, Hitler remilitarized Germany The remilitarization of Germany was in clear violation of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles Hitler also ordered German occupation of the Rhineland, also a violation of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

3. Alliances: Axis Powers Germany Led by Adolf Hitler Strengths included scientific and technological advancements and military leadership Weaknesses included mass unemployment and political instability Japan Led by Emperor Hirohito Strengths included committed leadership and population and strong navy Weaknesses included low productivity of war supplies and lack of adequate weaponry, especially machine guns Italy Led by Benito Mussolini Strengths included committed leadership and population Weaknesses included inexperienced military and political instability

4. Alliances: Allied Powers United States Led by Franklin Roosevelt Strengths included military supply productivity, military strength and political leadership Weaknesses included inexperienced commanders and lack of tanks Great Britain Led by Winston Churchill Strengths included strong political leadership, experienced navy and military supply productivity Weaknesses included timid military leadership and lack of tanks Soviet Union Led by Josef Stalin Strengths included extremely fierce and loyal troops, military supply productivity, and determined political leadership Weaknesses included military strategy (straight ahead and mass attack) and disregard for casualties

5. Political Leaders: Axis Powers

6. Political Leaders: Allied Powers

7. Beginning of World War II in Europe September 1, 1939: Invasion of Poland April 9, 1940: Invasion of Denmark and Norway May 10, 1940: Invasion of Luxemburg, the Netherlands and Belgium June 22, 1940: Germany and France agree on armistice agreement; Germany may occupy northern France Germany

8. Map of Europe – World War II

9. World War II Vocabulary: Part I Atomic bombConcentration camps D-DayDictator HiroshimaHolocaust Home frontNagasaki Pearl Harbor Ration Relocation campsSwastika V-E DayV-J Day War bondsAnti-Semitism

10. World War II Vocabulary: Part II AryanDeath camp Final SolutionDeath wall Gas chamberWork camp GhettoNuremburg Laws Standing cellsZionism Zyklon-BZOB

11. Vocabulary Atomic bomb: twice dropped on Japan for purposes of an unconditional surrender. D-Day: June 6, 1944; American, Canadian, and British forces invaded France in hopes of liberating the country from German occupation. Hiroshima: Japanese city and site of first atomic bombing on August 6, 1945.