1. C1 Choice and Challenge activities 1.The atom and the periodic table 2.Limestone and building materials 3.Extracting metals 4.Products from oil 5.Useful products from oil 6.Plant oils 7.Structure of the Earth 8.The early atmosphere

2. Explain using group numbers and periods the arrangement of elements in the periodic table Using calcium as an example describe the arrangement of sub-atomic particles in an atom. You could include a diagram to support your description All of you Explain why group 0 are very unreactive. Your answer should include a diagram to illustrate this. Explain why the reactivity of group 1 increases as you go down the group but the reactivity of group 7 decreases as you go down the group. You should discuss electrostatic forces in your answer Choose Challenge Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonding. Your answer should include diagrams to illustrate and key words (ion, shells, positive, negative, donate and accept)

3. Write the chemical name for limestone and explain what happens to a metal carbonate when heated. Your answer should include a balanced symbol equation Explain the effect of acid rain on limestone. Your answer could include a symbol equation for the reaction All of you Discuss the environmental issues with limestone quarrying Write an equation for each of the reactions shown Choose Challenge List the ingredients needed to make the following: mortar, cement and concrete

4. Write a word and balanced symbol equation for the reduction of CuO using carbon Write an introduction paragraph on metal. In this you should state where metals are found, how they are extracted and what determines how they are extracted All of you List the useful properties of copper that make it good for wiring Explain why copper is expensive to extract and the process of extracting copper (mining, smelting and electrolysis). Your answer should include a word and balanced symbol equation Choose Challenge What is an alloy, why are they useful and give an example of an alloy?

5. Use the general formula to show that pentane has 12 hydrogens Crude oil is a.......................... of lots of different compounds. Nearly all the compounds are …….……..……………... because they contain only hydrogen and carbon. Most of the hydrocarbons are belong to a family called the ………….……..… The alkanes are ……………….…….……….. hydrocarbons because no more hydrogen atoms can be added to the carbon atoms. The general formula for an alkane is……….…..………. All of you How many carbon atoms are there in an alkane which has 30 hydrogen atoms? Explain why petrol condenses at the top of the column during fractional distillation and how this make it a better fuel Choose Challenge Draw the displayed formula for heptane

6. When hydrocarbon fuels burn in plenty of air they release …..……............. The reaction produces two new substances ……………………………..……... and ……………...……….. The carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are …………………. (gain oxygen) All of you Why are large hydrocarbons not very useful and how can they be made more useful? Cracking forms an alkane and an alkene. The alkanes are used as fuels. The alkenes are used to make plastic and ethanol Draw a diagram to show the formation of a polymer Write a balanced symbol equation for the formation of ethanol from ethene Choose Challenge How are biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen fuel made PollutantWhere does it come from?Why is it a problem?

7. How can bromine water be used to test whether a fat is saturated or not? List the ways plant oil can be extracted Which parts of a plant can oil be extracted from? Put the steps below in the correct order AThe plant oil and steam are condensed BThe plant oil separates from water CThe plant is heated in water DThe plant oil and water are collected EThe plant oil and water evaporate All of you What are the problems with the overuse of vegetable oils in cooking? Explain using the diagram how emulsifiers work. In your answer you should use key words like hydrophilic, hydrophobic and emulsion. Give examples of food and non-food emulsions Choose Challenge What are the advantages and disadvantages of cooking with vegetable oil

8. What evidence is there that the earth’s continents were once joined in a supercontinent known as Pangea The outer layer is very thin and is called the …………… The much thicker layer below this is called the ……………….…; it is solid but can flow in parts very slowly. The centre layer is the ………….…; it is about half the radius of the Earth. A thin layer of gases called the ………………….….... surrounds the Earth. All of you Explain how earthquakes and tsunamis occur at plate boundaries What evidence did Alfred Wegner use for his theory of continental drift? What did his theory state? Why did people not believe him at first? We now know the mechanism of plate movement; how does this movement occur? Choose Challenge Explain how volcanoes and mountains arise at plate boundaries

9. Add labels to the arrows to show the processes that take in and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Explain how humans are disrupting this cycle Put the following steps in order: Carbon dioxide stored in fossil fuels is released 5000 million years ago the Earth’s surface was still molten and any atmosphere was boiled away by the incredible heat. Eventually the Earth began to cool and a thin crust formed, however volcanoes kept erupting and belching out gases, mostly carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and steam. Volcanoes release carbon dioxide and water vapour Levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere increase Photosynthesis of plants and algae produces oxygen Oxygen forms the ozone layer Water vapour condenses to form the oceans The atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium All of you What caused changes in the earths atmosphere and how did these changes allow life to begin Air is liquefied to separate its components. Explain how the process of fractional distillation is used to separate its components Choose Challenge How has the atmosphere changed since its development?