1. “Rebels and Dreamers”: The British Romantic Period ENG 400: British Literature Unit IV – Rebels and Dreamers

3. Review: Rhetorical Devices Rhetoric is the art of using language in order to make a point or to persuade listeners. Rhetorical devices are accepted elements of an argument; they do no invalidate or weaken and argument. The use of rhetorical devices is considered a key part of an effective argument.

4. Additional Rhetorical Devices A speaker or author arguing for a position may also use these additional rhetorical devices. ▫charged language and imagery: words that carry strong emotional associations and stir up the audience’s feelings ▫dramatic alternatives: the posing of sharply contrasting alternatives ▫allusions: references to well-known people, places, and events However, if improperly used, these devices may become logical fallacies.

5. Analyzing Rhetorical Devices To fully appreciate rhetoric, first clarify the meaning of the writer’s words: ▫Be sensitive to word connotations—the positive or negative associations of words ▫Interpret words used in a figurative sense, such as similes. ▫Consult references to determine the meaning of jargon—terms specific to a discipline or profession, such as politics. Then, consider the impact of the words on the reader/listener. How does this device contribute to the argument?

6. Persuasive Techniques Persuasive techniques are often found in advertisements and in other forms of informal persuasion. These techniques should be avoided in formal arguments, since they are often based more on emotion than logic. Reliance on these techniques may indicate a weak or flawed argument. Look closely to determine whether they hide poor reasoning.

7. Common Persuasive Techniques Persuasive TechniquesExamples Bandwagon Approach: appeals to a person’s desire to belong Don’t be the only one without it! Anti-Bandwagon Approach: encourages or celebrates individuality Stand out from the crowd! Emotional Appeal: evokes people’s fear, anger, or desire Our choices today will ensure the health and prosperity of our children! Of our children’s children! Endorsement/Testimony: employs a well-known person to promote a product or idea These famous authors, actors, politicians, and CEOs are alumnae of our university. Loaded Language: the use of words that are charged with emotion It is a crisis of unfathomable proportions. “Plain Folks” Appeal: shows (or tried to show) a connection to ordinary people I enjoy a good ol’ burger and fries, just like everyone else. Hyperbole: exaggerates to make a pointI’d give my right arm to end animal abuse!