1. Use pages 550-557 to answer the following questions. 1. What was the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939? (p. 550) 2. What 3 countries formed the Axis Powers in 1940? (p. 551) 3. How did Roosevelt assist the Allies without declaring war (4)? (p. 552-554) 4. What events led the United States into armed conflict with Germany? (p. 554) 5. Why did the Japanese draw the U.S. into WWII by attacking Pearl Harbor? (p. 554-555)

2. Bell Quiz Answers 1. The U.S. was practicing isolationism during the Great Depression. Late in 1939 the U.S. moved away from isolationism and neutrality and began supplying aid to the allies. 2. Germany, Japan, Italy. 3. Cash and carry; Lend-lease act; Shooting of German U-boats; Atlantic Charter. 4. U.S. sinking German U-boats; Germans sinking U.S. ships. 5. The U.S. cut off all trade with Japan and that included oil. Japan needed the oil to fuel their war machines.

3. Objectives Describe the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939. Describe the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939. Explain how Roosevelt assisted the Allies without declaring war. Explain how Roosevelt assisted the Allies without declaring war. Summarize the events that brought the United States into armed conflict with Germany. Summarize the events that brought the United States into armed conflict with Germany. Describe the American response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Describe the American response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

4. Read pages 554—557 Japan Attacks the United States

5. Bell Quiz 1. Do you think the U.S. should have waited to be attacked before declaring war? Explain 2. Notice the placement of ships in Pearl Harbor on page 556. What might the navy had done differently to minimize damage from a surprise attack? 3. Why do you think many people believe the U.S. knew the attack was coming but intentionally did nothing to stop it?

6. U.S. Moving Away from Neutrality 1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to revise the Neutrality Act. 1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to revise the Neutrality Act. FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and carry” provision. FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and carry” provision. Allowed warring nations to buy arms and weapons from the U.S. as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships.Allowed warring nations to buy arms and weapons from the U.S. as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships. FDR asked Congress to increase spending for national defense. FDR asked Congress to increase spending for national defense. Congress also passed the Selective Training and Service Act (Draft). Congress also passed the Selective Training and Service Act (Draft). Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would lend or lease arms and other supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States” (Britain and Russia). Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would lend or lease arms and other supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States” (Britain and Russia).

7. The Axis Powers (1940) September 7, 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact as a mutual defense treaty. September 7, 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact as a mutual defense treaty. Germany, Italy, and Japan were now the Axis Powers. Germany, Italy, and Japan were now the Axis Powers. Under the Tripartite Pact each Axis nation agreed to come to the defense of the others in case of attack. Under the Tripartite Pact each Axis nation agreed to come to the defense of the others in case of attack. The Tripartite Pact’s goal was to keep the U.S. out of the war. The Tripartite Pact’s goal was to keep the U.S. out of the war. June 1941, Hitler broke the nonaggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union. June 1941, Hitler broke the nonaggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union.

8. German U-boats Hitler deployed German submarines (U-boats) to attack supply ships. Hitler deployed German submarines (U-boats) to attack supply ships. Groups of 40 submarines patrolled areas in the North Atlantic and attacked convoys of supply ships (wolf pack attacks). Groups of 40 submarines patrolled areas in the North Atlantic and attacked convoys of supply ships (wolf pack attacks). Could sink as much as 350,000 tons of shipments in a single month. Could sink as much as 350,000 tons of shipments in a single month. September 1941, Roosevelt granted the navy permission for U.S. warships to attack Germany U-boats in self- defense. September 1941, Roosevelt granted the navy permission for U.S. warships to attack Germany U-boats in self- defense.

9. Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the battleship USS Augusta. Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the battleship USS Augusta. Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment, but instead settled for the Atlantic Charter–a joint declaration of goals for Post WWII Europe IF the U.S. should enter the war and the allies win AND how to maintain world wide peace after WWII. Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment, but instead settled for the Atlantic Charter–a joint declaration of goals for Post WWII Europe IF the U.S. should enter the war and the allies win AND how to maintain world wide peace after WWII. The Atlantic Charter also established the United Nations on paper. The Atlantic Charter also established the United Nations on paper. Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers. The Big 3 were the U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers. The Big 3 were the U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. The Declaration of the United Nations was signed by 26 nations. The Declaration of the United Nations was signed by 26 nations.

10. Japan Attacks Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule. Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule. U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off trade (oil embargo). U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off trade (oil embargo). December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. “A day that will live in infamy.” December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. “A day that will live in infamy.” In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403 Americans (2,752 killed at 9/11) and wounded 1,178. In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403 Americans (2,752 killed at 9/11) and wounded 1,178. 21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the entire U.S. Pacific fleet. 21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the entire U.S. Pacific fleet. 300 airplanes destroyed. 300 airplanes destroyed. Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war against Japan. Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war against Japan. 3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. 3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.

13. Video Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor

14. Relocation of Japanese Americans · After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many Americans questioned the loyalty of Japanese Americans, fearing they may act as spies or help Japan invade the U.S.

15. In February of 1942 The Wartime Relocation Agency (WRA) forced approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans to…

16. …sell their homes and businesses,

17. Internment camp in Manzanar, California They were released in 1944, after victory against the Japanese seemed to be near. and relocate to one of 10 camps in the western U.S., living in crowded barracks behind barbed wire.

18. Japanese-American Internment Camps Many families sold their homes, their stores, and most of their assets. They could not be certain their homes and livelihoods would still be there upon their return. Because of the mad rush to sell, properties and inventories were often sold at a fraction of their true value. Almost two-thirds of the interns were Japanese Americans born in the United States. It made no difference that many had never even been to Japan. Even Japanese-American veterans of World War I were forced to leave their homes.

19. We're gonna have to slap the dirty little Jap And Uncle Sam's the guy who can do it We'll skin the streak of yellow from this sneaky little fellow And he'll think a cyclone hit him when he's thru it We'll take the double crosser to the old woodshed We'll start on his bottom and go to his head http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51kWDb2FDTE&safe=active

20. When we get thru with him he'll wish that he was dead We gotta slap the dirty little Jap We're gonna have to slap the dirty little Jap And Uncle Sam's the guy who can do it The Japs and all their hooey will be changed into chop suey And the rising sun will set when we get thru it Their alibi for fighting is to save their face For ancestors waiting in celestial space We'll kick their precious face down to the other place We gotta slap the dirty little Jap

23. Japanese American Internment (U.S. Govt Propaganda) Japanese American Internment (U.S. Govt Propaganda) (9:26) Kenji - ManzanarKenji - Manzanar (3:51) This is a video to the song "Kenji" by Fort Minor, or Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park. It describes his family's life in the time of World War II and how they were put in a Japanese Internment Camp.

25. Civil Liberties Act, 1988 In 1988 President Reagan approved the Civil Liberties Act. In 1988 President Reagan approved the Civil Liberties Act. The CLA provided an apology for the internment on behalf of the U.S. Government and authorized a payment of $20,000 to each individual camp survivor. The CLA provided an apology for the internment on behalf of the U.S. Government and authorized a payment of $20,000 to each individual camp survivor.

26. Writing Assignment: Due Today RAFT (Role, Audience, Format, Topic) Your Role=Japanese-American immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Your Role=Japanese-American immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Audience=President Roosevelt (FDR) The Audience=President Roosevelt (FDR) The Format=Letter The Format=Letter The Topic=Unfairness of being placed in an Internment Camp. The Topic=Unfairness of being placed in an Internment Camp.

27. Online at home: Due Monday 1) Find and print an article from online that discusses supporting the establishment of internment camps for Arab-Americans after the 9/11 attacks. 2) Write a one paragraph reaction to the article. Do you agree or disagree? Prove it.