1. Earthquakes Review Study Guide

2. What am I? 1. The cool, solid outer shell of the earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates. 1. The cool, solid outer shell of the earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates. 2. The earth’s innermost layers, consisting of a liquid iron outer core and a solid iron-nickel inner core.

3. What am I? 1. The cool, solid outer shell of the earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates. 1. The cool, solid outer shell of the earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates. LITHOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE 2. The earth’s innermost layers, consisting of a liquid iron outer core and a solid iron-nickel inner core. CORE

4. What am I? 3. A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move. 3. A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move. 4. The layer of the mantle that lies directly below the lithosphere and flows like taffy.

5. What am I? 3. A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move. 3. A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move. FAULT FAULT 4. The layer of the mantle that lies directly below the lithosphere and flows like taffy. ASTHENOSPHERE

6. What am I? 5. This is part of the earth’s crust that is mostly made up of the earth’s continents. 5. This is part of the earth’s crust that is mostly made up of the earth’s continents. 6. This is part of the earth’s crust that is made up of the land underneath the oceans.

7. What am I? 5. This is part of the earth’s crust that is mostly made up of the earth’s continents. 5. This is part of the earth’s crust that is mostly made up of the earth’s continents. CONTINENTAL CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST 6. This is part of the earth’s crust that is made up of the land underneath the oceans. OCEANIC CRUST

8. What am I? 7. The location where the rupture of an earthquake begins and energy is released. 7. The location where the rupture of an earthquake begins and energy is released. 8. The place where pieces of broken lithosphere meet; boundary types include sliding, colliding, and spreading.

9. What am I? 7. The location where the rupture of an earthquake begins and energy is released. 7. The location where the rupture of an earthquake begins and energy is released. FOCUS FOCUS 8. The place where pieces of broken lithosphere meet; boundary types include sliding, colliding, and spreading. PLATE BOUNDARY

10. What am I? 9. The theory that the lithosphere is broken into segments, or plates, that float on the asthenosphere, and the interactions among these plates are associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity and form mid-ocean ridges, trenches, mountains, and chains of volcanic islands. 9. The theory that the lithosphere is broken into segments, or plates, that float on the asthenosphere, and the interactions among these plates are associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity and form mid-ocean ridges, trenches, mountains, and chains of volcanic islands. 10. This is the layer of the earth beneath the crust. It is the thickest of all layers. 11. This is the earth’s outer layer, the coolest and least dense layer of the earth.

11. What am I? 9. The theory that the lithosphere is broken into segments, or plates, that float on the asthenosphere, and the interactions among these plates are associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity and form mid-ocean ridges, trenches, mountains, and chains of volcanic islands. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY 10. This is the layer of the earth beneath the crust. It is the thickest of all layers. MANTLE 11. This is the earth’s outer layer, the coolest and least dense layer of the earth. CRUST

12. 12. Name the 3 layers of the earth beginning with the outermost layer. A. A. B. B. C. C.

13. 13. What is the difference between the continental crust and oceanic crust? Name 3 differences. A. continental crust is beneath continents A. continental crust is beneath continents B. oceanic crust is beneath oceans B. oceanic crust is beneath oceans C. continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust C. continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust D. oceanic crust is thinner and more dense than continental D. oceanic crust is thinner and more dense than continental

14. 14. Be able to identify the 3 layers of the earth by looking at a picture.

15. 15. How do mountains form? Mountains form when two continental plates collide. Mountains form when two continental plates collide.

16. 16. How do trenches form? Trenches form when a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate. Trenches form when a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate.

17. 17. What is the outer core made of? What is the inner core made of? The liquid outer core is made of iron. The liquid outer core is made of iron. The inner core is made of iron and nickel. The inner core is made of iron and nickel.

18. 18. What is an epicenter?

19. The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus of the earthquake. The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus of the earthquake.

20. 19. What are the 3 main Earthquake Belts? Himalayan Belt Himalayan Belt Ring of Fire Ring of Fire Mid-Atlantic Ridge Mid-Atlantic Ridge

21. 20. What is the difference between P- waves and S-waves?

22. S-waves move from side to side and travel through the earth as a series of crests and troughs. It is the second wave to reach a seismograph station. S-waves move from side to side and travel through the earth as a series of crests and troughs. It is the second wave to reach a seismograph station. P-waves move through the body of the earth. They resemble a push and pull pattern. They are first to reach the seismograph station. P-waves move through the body of the earth. They resemble a push and pull pattern. They are first to reach the seismograph station.