1. Axial Skeleton Chapter 5

2. Three Parts Skull (cranium and facial bones) Vertebral Column Bony Thorax

3. Skull Cranium: –protect brain –Contains 8 flat bones Facial Bones: –Support eyeballs and allows muscles to attach for facial expressions –12 paired bones, plus two single bones, lots of bone markings

4. Cranium Frontal bone: forms forehead and eye sockets Parietal bone: (paired), lateral walls of skull –Coronal suture: meeting point of parietal and frontal bones Temporal bone: (paired), joins the parietal bone at the squamous suture –External auditory meatus: ear canal –Styloid process: muscle attachment for neck –Zygomatic process: joins the cheek bones to skull –Mastoid process: forms the mastoid sinuses, neck muscle attachment –Jugular foramen/carotid canal: passage of jugular vein and carotid artery

5. Cranium Occipital bone: posterior bone of cranium, forms the back all and floor of cranium –Lambdoid suture: joins occipital bone with parietal bone –Foramen magnum: large hole in base for passage of spinal cord nerves –Occipital condyles: each side of foramen magnum, skull rests on the vertebrae

6. Cranium Sphenoid bone: butterfly shaped bone that forms the bottom of cranial cavity –Sella turcica: depression that holds pituitary gland –Foramen ovale: allows cranial nerve V to pass to the muscles of the lower jaw –Sphenoid sinuses: air filled, mucous lined cavity Ethmoid bone: irregularly shaped located anterior to the sphenoid bone, forms the roof of the nasal cavities –Cribiform plates: allow fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory sensors to the brain (smell)

7. Facial Bones Compose the face 12 bones that are paired and two single bones Contains: Maxillary bones, Palatine bones, Zygomatic bones, Lacrimal bones, Nasal bones, Vomer, Mandible

8. Facial Bones Maxillary bones: fuse to form the upper jaw, all facial bones except the mandible attach here –Upper teeth attachment –Palatine process: forms the hard palate –Paranasal sinuses: surround the nasal bones, lighten skull and amplify sound formed by the vocal cords –Sinusitis: swelling of mucus membranes within the sinuses

9. Facial Bones Palatine bones: form back of hard palate –Cleft palate: the failure of the palatine processes to fuse Zygomatic bones: cheek bones Lacrimal bones: small bones that form the tear ducts Nasal bones: form the bridge of the nose, lower part of nose is cartilage Vomer: forms the nasal septum Mandible: lower jaw, largest and strongest bone in face, only free bone on the skull, can move

10. Now it’s your turn Take notes as directed by the note outline Keep them short and to the point This makes it easier to remember the information