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Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N.

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Presentation on theme: "Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N."— Presentation transcript:

1 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1,2 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium

2 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Context  Interest for human health  Many factors affecting milk fat composition have been reviewed (e.g., Palmquist et al., 1993; Soyeurt et al. 2006) : – Feeding, season – Breed – Lactation stage – Number of lactation, age –...

3 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Δ 9 desaturase  Also named stearoyl Coenzyme-A desaturase or SCD  Able to introduce a cis-bond between carbons 9 and 10 of SFA  Involved in the production of the majority of MONO and CLA in milk

4 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium General objective Study the genetic variation of Δ 9 - desaturase activity in bovine milk within and between lactations using multitrait random regression test-day models

5 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Lactation stage effect  Milk fat composition significantly change with lactation stage (Stoop et al., 2008)  Principally due to changes in energy status

6 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Lactation number effect  Few information are available on lactation number effect on Δ9 activity  Lactation number effect = age effect ?  Contradictions / fat content: Milk fat not affected by lactation number Fat content decreases with increasing number of lactation (or age of cow)

7 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Lactation number effects  Contradictions / fat composition No difference The amount of UNSAT increases with increasing age While palmitic acid decreases

8 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Materials & Methods  Data set  Spectra collected between January 2007 and October 2008  Holstein cows (> 84%)  Milk history 4 < DIM < 365 Milk yield, %Fat, %Protein  Multi-trait random regression test-day models

9 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Materials & Methods  Lactations were grouped as following: First lactation (39%) Second lactation (29%) Third and fourth lactations (32%)  Random herd-based data sub set

10 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Materials & Methods  Models:  Fixed effects: Herd x date of test Class of 15 days in milk (20) Class of age (16)  Random effects: Herd x year of calving Permanent environment Additive genetic effect Residuals Second order Legendre Polynomials

11 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Studied traits  Milk yield  Fat content  Protein content  3 Δ 9 indices (product / substrate):  C14:1 cis-9/C14:0  C16:1 cis-9/C16:0  C18:1 cis-9/C18:0

12 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Milk (kg/day) Lact 181,57630,13722.6322.646.176.13 Lact 246,98423,64325.4525.588.178.20 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,57927.0026.938.928.97 Fat (g/100 g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.98 0.67 Lact 246,98423,6434.074.060.71 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5794.06 0.710.73 Protein (g/100g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.353.360.340.36 Lact 246,98423,6433.433.440.38 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5793.393.400.380.39 Studied traits

13 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Milk (kg/day) Lact 181,57630,13722.6322.646.176.13 Lact 246,98423,64325.4525.588.178.20 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,57927.0026.938.928.97 Fat (g/100 g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.98 0.67 Lact 246,98423,6434.074.060.71 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5794.06 0.710.73 Protein (g/100g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.353.360.340.36 Lact 246,98423,6433.433.440.38 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5793.393.400.380.39 Similar statistical characteristics between population and sample data set Studied traits

14 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Milk (kg/day) Lact 181,57630,13722.6322.646.176.13 Lact 246,98423,64325.4525.588.178.20 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,57927.0026.938.928.97 Fat (g/100 g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.98 0.67 Lact 246,98423,6434.074.060.71 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5794.06 0.710.73 Protein (g/100g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.353.360.340.36 Lact 246,98423,6433.433.440.38 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5793.393.400.380.39 Slight increasing of milk yield with increasing number of lactation Studied traits

15 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Milk (kg/day) Lact 181,57630,13722.6322.646.176.13 Lact 246,98423,64325.4525.588.178.20 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,57927.0026.938.928.97 Fat (g/100 g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.98 0.67 Lact 246,98423,6434.074.060.71 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5794.06 0.710.73 Protein (g/100g of milk) Lact 181,57630,1373.353.360.340.36 Lact 246,98423,6433.433.440.38 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5793.393.400.380.39 No modification of fat content with increasing number of lactation Studied traits

16 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set C14:1 cis-9 / C14:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.0970.0980.014 Lact246,98423,6430.0950.0960.014 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.094 0.014 C16:1 cis-9 / C16:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.064 0.012 Lact246,98423,6430.0650.0640.012 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.066 0.012 C18:1 cis-9 / C18:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.1900.0380.1900.038 Lact246,98423,6430.1860.1870.037 0.038 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.186 0.038 Studied traits

17 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium NMeanSD Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set Total population Sample data set C14:1 cis-9 / C14:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.0970.0980.014 Lact246,98423,6430.0950.0960.014 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.094 0.014 C16:1 cis-9 / C16:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.064 0.012 Lact246,98423,6430.0650.0640.012 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.066 0.012 C18:1 cis-9 / C18:0 Lact 181,57630,1370.1900.0380.1900.038 Lact246,98423,6430.1860.1870.037 0.038 Lact 3 and 4 70,65524,5790.186 0.038 Similar observations Studied traits

18 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Results Lactation stage effect

19 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability Lactation 1

20 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability Lactation 1 Variability of heritability C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 0.23 C16:1 cis-9/C16:0 0.11 C18:1 cis-9/C18:0 0.15

21 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability Lactation 1 Increasing of heritability values throughout the lactation

22 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Variance component Lactation 1 - C14:1 cis-9/C14:0

23 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Variance component Lactation 1 - C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Increasing of genetic variance component throughout the lactation

24 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Results Lactation number effect

25 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability C14:1 cis-9/C14:0

26 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Lactation 1: 0.23 Lactation 2: 0.22 Lactations 3 et 4: 0.20

27 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Similar trends of heritability estimates for lactations 1, 2, and 3 and 4

28 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability C16:1 cis-9/C16:0 C18:1 cis-9/C18:0 Similar observations for C16:1 cis-9 /C16:0 and C18:1 cis-9/C18:0

29 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Heritability Lactation 1Lactation 2Lactations 3 and 4 C14:1 cis-9/ C14:0 0.230.220.20 C16:1 cis-9/ C16:0 0.11 0.10 C18:1 cis-9/ C18:0 0.150.16 Few or none difference between lactations

30 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Genetic variance component C14:1 cis-9/C14:0

31 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Genetic variance component C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Similar trends of genetic variance estimates for lactations 1, 2, and 3 and 4

32 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Genetic variance C16:1 cis-9/C16:0 C18:1 cis-9/C18:0 Similar observations for C16:1 cis-9 /C16:0 and C18:1 cis-9/C18:0

33 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Results Correlations

34 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Milk (kg/day) Fat content (g/100 g of milk) Protein content (g/100 g of milk) Lactation 1 0.54-0.58-0.25 -0.03-0.30-0.09 Lactation 2 0.45-0.49-0.21 -0.08-0.28-0.24 Lactations 3 and 4 0.70-0.49-0.24 -0.08-0.06-0.001 Genetic correlation Phenotypic correlation

35 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C14:1 cis-9/C14:0 Milk (kg/day) Fat content (g/100 g of milk) Protein content (g/100 g of milk) Lactation 1 0.54-0.58-0.25 -0.03-0.30-0.09 Lactation 2 0.45-0.49-0.21 -0.08-0.28-0.24 Lactations 3 and 4 0.70-0.49-0.24 -0.08-0.06-0.001 Genetic correlation Phenotypic correlation

36 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C16:1 cis-9/C16:0 Milk (kg/day) Fat content (g/100 g of milk) Protein content (g/100 g of milk) Lactation 1 0.61-0.49-0.20 -0.05-0.07-0.01 Lactation 2 0.58-0.46-0.15 -0.07-0.08-0.02 Lactations 3 and 4 0.70-0.48-0.20 -0.08-0.060.00 Genetic correlation Phenotypic correlation

37 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C18:1 cis-9/C18:0 Milk (kg/day) Fat content (g/100 g of milk) Protein content (g/100 g of milk) Lactation 1 0.28-0.33-0.05 0.04-0.12-0.03 Lactation 2 0.14-0.28-0.02 0.01-0.10-0.02 Lactations 3 and 4 0.09-0.29-0.01 0.00-0.090.00 Genetic correlation Phenotypic correlation

38 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C14:1 cis-9/C14:0

39 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Relationships C16:1 cis-9/C16:0 C18:1 cis-9/C18:0 Similar observations for C16:1 cis-9 /C16:0 and C18:1 cis-9/C18:0

40 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium  Application: Sort sires according to their breeding values for C14:1 cis-9/C14:0  Comparison among the lists of sires obtained for the 3 lactation groups Spearman correlation

41 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Spearman correlation Lactation 1Lactation 2Lactations 3 and 4 Lactation 110.710.58 Lactation 210.68 Lactations 3 and 4 1

42 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Spearman correlation Conclusions:  The top 20 is similar for the 3 lactation groups  So, dairy cow in first lactation is as good in second or third lactation.

43 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Conclusions  Lactation stage effects – Genetic variability of Δ9 activity throughout lactation  Lactation number effects – None or few useful effects of lactation number on Δ9 activity

44 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Conclusions  The desaturation of milk fatty acids presents a substantial genetic component → possibility to modulate milk fat profile by selective breeding  Negative correlations between Δ9 activity (ratios) and fat and protein content: increasing activity of Δ9 → could inhibit the synthesis of fat and protein in bovine milk

45 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium In the future  Study the difference between Δ9 activity estimator  Enlarge the studied number of lactation: per example: 1-3 vs 4-6

46 Lactation Number Effects on the Genetic Variability of the Stearoyl Coenzyme-A Desaturase 9 Activity Estimated by Test-Day Model V. M.-R. Arnould 1, N. Gengler 1,2, and H. Soyeurt 1 1 Gembloux Agricultural University, Animal Science Unit, Belgium 2 National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium Thank you for your attention Email: arnould.v@fsagx.ac.be Acknowledgments SPW – DGA-RNE project: D31-5593 (section 1) AWE Milk committee (Battice) FNRS: 2.4507.02F (2) F.4552.05 FRFC 2.4623.08

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Comparison of Holstein service-sire fertility for heifer and cow breedings with conventional and sexed semen H. D. Norman*, J. L. Hutchison, and P. M.
2002 ADSA 2002 (HDN-1) H.D. NORMAN* ( 301-504-8334 ), R.H. MILLER, P.M. V AN RADEN, and J.R. WRIGHT Animal Improvement Programs.

2002 ADSA 2002 (HDN-1) H.D. NORMAN* ( ), R.H. MILLER, P.M. V AN RADEN, and J.R. WRIGHT Animal Improvement Programs.
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