1. Jeopardy Biology 12: Urinary System

2. The Kid Knee Ephron’s Nephron Making Urine Making More Urine YES! More Water! I Gotta Go! NOW!! 100 200 400 600 800 1000

3. THE KID KNEE! 100 Urine collects here in the kidney  Renal pelvis  Board Board

4. THE KID KNEE! 200 This artery carries blood to the kidney  The renal artery  Board Board

5. THE KID KNEE! 400 These carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder  Ureters  Board Board

6. THE KID KNEE! 600 This process carries urine down the ureter  Peristalsis  Board Board

7. THE KID KNEE! 800 These are located in the urinary bladder and trigger urination  Stretch receptors  Board Board

8. THE KID KNEE! 1000 Trace a urea molecule and a glucose molecule from the renal artery to the urethra/renal vein  UREA: Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT, collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra  GLUCOSE: renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, efferent arteriole, renal vein  Board Board

9. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 100 This is a delicate ball of capillaries  Glomerulus  Board Board

10. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 200 This structure starts in the renal cortex, goes into the renal medulla but goes back to the renal cortex  Loop of Henle  Board Board

11. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 400 This the network of capillaries that are branched from the efferent arteriole  Peritubular capillaries  Board Board

12. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 600 These 3 structures are only found in the renal cortex  Bowmen’s capsule, PCT and DCT  Board Board

13. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 800 Many nephrons join to form one of these  Collecting duct Board

14. EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 1000 These parts of a nephron are thicker due to the abundance of transport proteins in the lining of the tubules  PCT, DCT and last portion of the ascending LOH  Board Board

15. MAKING URINE! 100 Pressure filtration occurs between these two structures  Glomerulus and Bowmen’s capsule  Board Board

16. MAKING URINE! 200 These _________ molecules make up the ________ inside the nephron  Small, filtrate  Board Board

17. MAKING URINE! 400 This molecule is required during the process of selective re-absorption, without it, re-absorption would not happen  ATP  Board Board

18. MAKING URINE! 600 These are an example of molecules that are reabsorbed that do not require ATP  Water, Cl - (they follow the Na + as its being pumped out of the PCT)  Board Board

19. MAKING URINE! 800 Water passes through the ________ portion of the LOH by ___________.  Descending, osmosis  Board Board

20. MAKING URINE! 1000 The filtrate in the descending LOH becomes “salty” for these reasons  - loss of water (osmosis) due to going into an hypertonic environment (the renal medulla)  Board Board

21. MAKING MORE URINE! 100 The descending LOH is permeable to ____ and the ascending LOH is permeable to ____  Water, Na +  Board Board

22. MAKING MORE URINE! 200 This molecule is necessary for tubular secretion to occur  ATP  Board Board

23. MAKING MORE URINE! 400 Blood pH adjustments occur  DCT  Board Board

24. MAKING MORE URINE! 600 If blood has a low pH what will happen to H + and HCO 3 - re-absorption into the blood?  HCO 3 - absorption will go up and H + will go down  Board Board

25. MAKING MORE URINE! 800 The ascending LOH moves Na + out of the filtrate by _______ and _______  Diffusion, active transport  Board Board

26. MAKING MORE URINE! 1000 Its necessary to use active transport to pump Na + out of the filtrate in the ascending LOH for this reason.  The Na+ concentration in the filtrate is greater (compared to the Na+ concentration in the blood) at the bottom of the LOH, but lessens as it ascends the LOH. So Na+ requires pumps to move out of the filtrate as the gradient itself no longer enough  Board Board

27. YES! MORE WATER! 100 Water re-absorption occurs the most in this portion of the kidney  Renal medulla  Board Board

28. YES! MORE WATER! 200 In these portions of the nephron water is re- absorbed  Collecting duct, descending LOH and PCT  Board Board

29. YES! MORE WATER! 400 ADH secretion from the ________, which is triggered by _________, and acts on the _______  Posterior pituitary, lower blood volume, collecting duct  Board Board

30. YES! MORE WATER! 600 Higher levels of ADH do this to the volume of urine  Decrease it  Board Board

31. YES! MORE WATER! 800 Alcohol does this to ADH secretion and as a result does this to urine volume  Inhibits, increases  Board Board

32. YES! MORE WATER! 1000 If blood pressure drops due to low Na+ levels this happens  Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex  causes an increase in Na + re- absorption (and K + excretion) in the DCT  causes more water re-absorption in the collecting duct  less urine and increased blood pressure  aldosterone release stops  Board Board

33. I GOTTA GO! NOW!!100 Sodium retention occurs here in the nephron  Ascending LOH Board

34. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 200 Coffee is a diuretic because is does this  Increases blood volume by causing water retention which increases pressure filtration  more urine  Board Board

35. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 400 Finding glucose in the urine indicates this  Possible diabetes; greater urine flows as less water is re-absorbed  Board Board

36. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 600 This molecule is maximally filtered and reabsorbed  Glucose  Board Board

37. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 800 Urea is made by the ______ but excreted by the ______  Liver, kidney  Board Board

38. I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 1000 How does the hypothalamus function in urine formation  Low levels of blood volume  cause the hypothalamus to secrete ADH  causes the posterior pituitary to release ADH into the blood  causes collecting duct to increase water re-absorption  increases blood volume so hypothalamus stops ADH production (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK)  Board Board