1. Plate Tectonics Test Review

2. Label the different layers of the earth and explain the importance of each layer
Crust: Solid, made of basalt or granite
Mantle:
Lithosphere: Solid. Plates
Asthenosphere: Liquid, convection currents
Outer Core: Molten material
Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron

3. What is the difference between Basalt and Granite?

4. What is the difference between the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere?
Both are in the mantle, but….
1. Lithosphere: Solid and are where the plates are
2. Asthenosphere: More Liquid and where convection currents happen

5. What is the difference between the outer core and the inner core?
Outer Core: Molten material
Inner Core: Solid nickel and iron

6. How does temperature and pressure relate to the layers of the earth?
As you go deeper into the earth, the pressure and the temperature both increase

7. This causes the crust of the earth to move around
What are Convection Currents? Where are they located in the layers of the earth? What do they cause?
Heat
rising
Coolness
sinking
source
Becomes
cool
Convention currents in the mantle, cause the lithosphere (bottom of the crust) to move
This causes the crust of the earth to move around

8. What is Pangaea?
Wegener’s hypothesis; all continents had once been joined together in a single land mass and have since drifted apart

9. What is the evidence for Pangaea?
Fossil Evidence of plants and animals
Glacier evidence
Coal Deposits/Mountain evidence
Puzzle Fit of continents

10. Who came up with Pangaea?
Wegener

11. How does Pangaea relate to Continental Drift?
Continental Drift: Wegener’s idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth’s surfaces causing Pangaea to break apart

12. Why did people not believe Wegners theory of Pangaea and Continental Drift?
Because Wegner could not identify the cause of continental drift or why the continents broke apart

13. What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge?
Mid Ocean Ridge: longest chain of mountains in the world under the oceans.

14. What is Sea Floor Spreading? What is the evidence that it is occurring?
Sea Floor Spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the seafloor
Evidence
molten material
magnetic stripes
drilling samples

15. How do subduction and trenches relate to one another?
Subduction causes a trench to form

16. Who came up with Sea Floor Spreading?
Harry Hess

17. Label Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcano Trench Subduction Magma Magnetic Strips
Sea floor spreading

18. Label Oldest Crust Newest Crust Lithosphere Basalt Asthenosphere
Granite

19. Draw
New crust forms here

20. What are Plates?
The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates

21. What are faults? Faults: breaks in the earth’s crust
Faults are formed along plate boundaries

22. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Transform
Boundary
Motion
Sliding past one another
Effect
Earthquakes
Topography
None created
Volcanic Activity
None
Picture
Draw this!

23. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Divergent Boundary
Motion
Spreading
Effect
Oceanic Lithosphere created
Topography
Ridge or Rift valley
(Mid ocean ridge)
Volcanic Activity
Yes – lava pours out the cracks in the ocean floor
Picture
Draw this!

24. The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Convergent Boundary
Motion
Subduction
Effect
Oceanic Lithosphere destroyed
Topography
Trench
Volcanic Activity
Yes – as the plate submerges, it melts and can can rise back up to the surface as lava
Picture
Draw this!

25. How does density of plates relate to plate tectonics and subduction?
The plate that is more dense will go under (subduct) the other plate.

26. What is a Hot Spot?
Area where magma rises upwards and erupts in the middle of a plate

27. Oldest Island
Youngest Island
Plate moving this way
Hot Spot

28. Use the map to explain the relationship between volcanoes/earthquakes and plate boundaries.
Earthquakes and volcanoes occur on plate boundaries