1. North Africa and Southwest Asia Today By: Mr. Hunter

2. Points to Ponder 1. Who took over the Ottoman empire after its defeat? 1. Who took over the Ottoman empire after its defeat? 2. What is a mandate? 2. What is a mandate?

3. Points to ponder 1. Great Britain and France 1. Great Britain and France 2. a country placed under another power’s control by international agreement 2. a country placed under another power’s control by international agreement *The European powers promised to give their mandates independence by a certain date.

4. United Nations How did the United Nations attempt to solve the conflict between the Jews and Arabs in Palestine? Were they successful? How did the United Nations attempt to solve the conflict between the Jews and Arabs in Palestine? Were they successful?

5. United Nations Attempt The UN divided Palestine into two parts- one for the Jews and one for the Arabs. It was not successful since it spurred the Arab-Isreli wars. The UN divided Palestine into two parts- one for the Jews and one for the Arabs. It was not successful since it spurred the Arab-Isreli wars.

6. UN How do you think the UN could have resolved this conflict in a better way? How do you think the UN could have resolved this conflict in a better way?

7. Palestinian Refugees 700,000 Arabs had to leave their homes 700,000 Arabs had to leave their homes

8. Arab-Isreli Wars Israel won the third and fourth Arab-Isreli wars and territory switched back and forth between the two countries. Israel won the third and fourth Arab-Isreli wars and territory switched back and forth between the two countries. Attempts at peace have been made, but a peaceful solution has not been reached. Attempts at peace have been made, but a peaceful solution has not been reached.

9. What causes this conflict between Israel and Arab countries? Religious differences Religious differences Conflict between ethnic groups Conflict between ethnic groups Nationalism Nationalism Fundamentalism Fundamentalism

10. Religious Differences Example: Sunnis and Shi’ites Shi’ites are MUCH more willing to accept religious leaders as political leaders. This has caused tension between Iraq and Iran.

11. Ethnic Groups Example: Iraqis are descendants of Arabs from the Arabian peninsula. Most Iranians are Persians, with a different language and history.

12. Nationalism Kurds Want a country of their own

13. Oil Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq produce nearly half of the world’s oil! Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq produce nearly half of the world’s oil! Oil is such a valuable resource, OPEC was formed. How does it influence the cost of oil? Oil is such a valuable resource, OPEC was formed. How does it influence the cost of oil? How did OPEC inflate the price of gasoline in 1973? How did OPEC inflate the price of gasoline in 1973?

14. Supply and demand Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship Demand

15. Supply and Demand Supply represents how much the market can offer. Supply represents how much the market can offer. Supply

16. Example Imagine that a special edition CD of your favorite band is released for $20. Because the record company's previous analysis showed that consumers will not demand CDs at a price higher than $20, only ten CDs were released because the opportunity cost is too high for suppliers to produce more. If, however, the ten CDs are demanded by 20 people, the price will subsequently rise because, according to the demand relationship, as demand increases, so does the price. Consequently, the rise in price should prompt more CDs to be supplied as the supply relationship shows that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied. Imagine that a special edition CD of your favorite band is released for $20. Because the record company's previous analysis showed that consumers will not demand CDs at a price higher than $20, only ten CDs were released because the opportunity cost is too high for suppliers to produce more. If, however, the ten CDs are demanded by 20 people, the price will subsequently rise because, according to the demand relationship, as demand increases, so does the price. Consequently, the rise in price should prompt more CDs to be supplied as the supply relationship shows that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied.

17. Oil Using the data from the table, create a line graph. Using the data from the table, create a line graph. Create five math problems to accompany your line graph. Create five math problems to accompany your line graph.

18. YearCost 1970$10.00 1975$46.00 1980$85.00 1985$48.00 1990$43.00 1995$23.00 2000$28.00 2005 $ 58.00

19. How does Islam influence the culture of the region? Muslims pray five times a day. Muslims pray five times a day.

20. Why do Muslims face a certain direction when they pray? They are facing Kaaba (the House of God) at Mecca, the holiest of the three cities of Islam. They are facing Kaaba (the House of God) at Mecca, the holiest of the three cities of Islam. Muslims face different directions, depending on where they are in relation to Mecca. Muslims face different directions, depending on where they are in relation to Mecca.

21. How does Islam influence the culture of the region? Radio stations air readings from the Qur’ an. Radio stations air readings from the Qur’ an. Muslims go on a haji or pilgrimage to Mecca, once in a lifetime. Muslims go on a haji or pilgrimage to Mecca, once in a lifetime.

23. How does Islam influence the culture of the region? During the ninth month of the Islamic year, called Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset with a huge feast at the end of the month. During the ninth month of the Islamic year, called Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset with a huge feast at the end of the month.

24. Ramadan Would you have the dedication to fast for an entire month? Would you have the dedication to fast for an entire month?

25. Westernization Some people believe that westernization (eating at fast-food restaurants and making advances in businesses and sciences) will give them a higher standards of living. Some people believe that westernization (eating at fast-food restaurants and making advances in businesses and sciences) will give them a higher standards of living.

26. Westernization

27. Women wear many hats. Israel, Jordan, Egypt: Women are educated and work in business and government. Israel, Jordan, Egypt: Women are educated and work in business and government. Saudi Arabia: Women cannot attend gatherings with men, drive cars, and have more than one husband. Few women work outside the home! Saudi Arabia: Women cannot attend gatherings with men, drive cars, and have more than one husband. Few women work outside the home!

28. Women wear many hats. Some women are forced to wear chadors. Some women are forced to wear chadors.

29. Women wear many hats.

30. Why is the nomadic culture in the region almost gone?

31. Egypt 1. Why was the Suez Canal important? How did it come under British control? 1. Why was the Suez Canal important? How did it come under British control?

32. Egypt Egypt’s government went through drastic change from the 1920s to the 1950s. Egypt’s government went through drastic change from the 1920s to the 1950s. It became an independent monarchy in 1922 and became a republic in 1953. It became an independent monarchy in 1922 and became a republic in 1953.

33. Important People Ismail Pasha Ismail Pasha King Fuad King Fuad King Farouk King Farouk Gamal Nassar Gamal Nassar

34. Aswan High Dam How is this structure an example of a tradeoff? How is this structure an example of a tradeoff?

35. Conditions 1. Describe the conditions of rights for women in modern Egypt. 1. Describe the conditions of rights for women in modern Egypt. 2. How has Egypt striven to create peaceful solutions in world conflicts? 2. How has Egypt striven to create peaceful solutions in world conflicts? 3. Describe the Muslim Brotherhood. 3. Describe the Muslim Brotherhood.

36. Rights of Women Active in the movement for independence Active in the movement for independence Fewer rights than men in marriage Fewer rights than men in marriage 1956- gained the right to vote and run for office 1956- gained the right to vote and run for office 2000- women gained rights for divorce 2000- women gained rights for divorce

37. Egypt strives for peace. Egypt became the first Arab state to sign a peace treaty with Israel. Egypt became the first Arab state to sign a peace treaty with Israel. Led the region in opposing Iraq’s 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Led the region in opposing Iraq’s 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Tried to settle arguments between Iraq and UN Tried to settle arguments between Iraq and UN

38. Muslim Brotherhood Egypt should be governed solely by Islamic law, and not try to make peace with other countries. Egypt should be governed solely by Islamic law, and not try to make peace with other countries. Al-Banna, the leader, based his ideas that Islam was not only a religious observance, but a comprehensive way of life Al-Banna, the leader, based his ideas that Islam was not only a religious observance, but a comprehensive way of life

39. Muslim Brotherhood "Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our leader. Qur'an is our law. Jihad is our way. Dying in the way of Allah is our highest hope."—Muslim Brotherhood "Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our leader. Qur'an is our law. Jihad is our way. Dying in the way of Allah is our highest hope."—Muslim Brotherhood

40. Geography 1. What type of land covers much of Egypt? 1. What type of land covers much of Egypt? 2. What is Egypt’s most important primary product and agricultural export? 2. What is Egypt’s most important primary product and agricultural export? 3. How would you describe the life of the fellahin? 3. How would you describe the life of the fellahin?

41. Cairo Create a venn diagram comparing Cairo, Egypt to New York City. Create a venn diagram comparing Cairo, Egypt to New York City.

42. Cairo Cairo once had gardens, trees, and birds, but now it is overpopulated and polluted. Cairo once had gardens, trees, and birds, but now it is overpopulated and polluted. Poor Cairenes work in factories or small shops and live in cemeteries, on roofs, or in poorly built apartment buildings. Poor Cairenes work in factories or small shops and live in cemeteries, on roofs, or in poorly built apartment buildings.

43. Cairo Wealthier Cairenes work as doctors, lawyers, teachers (YAY!), factory managers and government officials. Wealthier Cairenes work as doctors, lawyers, teachers (YAY!), factory managers and government officials.

44. Egypt has been a cultural leader. Find support for this statement. Find support for this statement.

45. Egypt has been a cultural leader Egypt opened the first modern school for girls in the Arab world in 1829. Egypt opened the first modern school for girls in the Arab world in 1829. In Egypt, all children must attend school. In Egypt, all children must attend school. There was a strong feminist movement in Egypt. There was a strong feminist movement in Egypt. The country supports media and entertainment in print and broadcast. The country supports media and entertainment in print and broadcast.

46. Israel Israel’s current problems are rooted in a long and complicated history. Israel’s current problems are rooted in a long and complicated history.

47. 1. What was Zionism? 1. What was Zionism? 2. Describe the kinds of communities early Jewish settlers established in Palestine. 2. Describe the kinds of communities early Jewish settlers established in Palestine. 3. Why is drop irrigation an important technique? 3. Why is drop irrigation an important technique? 4. What is the population and ethnic makeup of Israel? 4. What is the population and ethnic makeup of Israel? 5. Describe life as a Palestinian Arab in Israel. 5. Describe life as a Palestinian Arab in Israel. 6. What opportunities do women have in Israel? 6. What opportunities do women have in Israel? 7. What are the Jewish High Holy Days? Describe one of them in detail. 7. What are the Jewish High Holy Days? Describe one of them in detail. 8. How do Orthodox Jews differ from secular Jews? 8. How do Orthodox Jews differ from secular Jews? 9. What was the Law of Return? What were its postive and negative impacts on Israeli society? 9. What was the Law of Return? What were its postive and negative impacts on Israeli society?

48. Zionism Zionism was a Jewish movement to return to the homeland of Palestine, which Jews called Zion Zionism was a Jewish movement to return to the homeland of Palestine, which Jews called Zion

49. Kibbutz A kibbutz is a cooperative farming villages called kibbutzim established by early Jewish settlers in Palestine. A kibbutz is a cooperative farming villages called kibbutzim established by early Jewish settlers in Palestine.

51. Population and Ethnic Makeup About 6.3 million people live in Israel! About 6.3 million people live in Israel! About 80% of the people are Jewish and 20% are Palestinian Arabs. About 80% of the people are Jewish and 20% are Palestinian Arabs.

52. Palestinian Arabs Less political power Less political power Fewer rights and opportunities Fewer rights and opportunities Some refugees in the Gaza Strip and West Bank Some refugees in the Gaza Strip and West Bank

54. Opportunities for Women They can work outside the home They can work outside the home Child care is provided on kibbutzim Child care is provided on kibbutzim A woman was prime minister from 1969- 1974 A woman was prime minister from 1969- 1974

55. Jewish High Holy Days Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Yom Kippur

56. Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection, looking back at the mistakes of the past year and planning the changes to make in the new year. Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection, looking back at the mistakes of the past year and planning the changes to make in the new year. eating apples dipped in honey, a symbol of our wish for a sweet new year eating apples dipped in honey, a symbol of our wish for a sweet new year

58. Yom Kippur It is a day set aside to "afflict the soul," to atone for the sins of the past year. It is a day set aside to "afflict the soul," to atone for the sins of the past year.

60. Arabic Arabic is the official language of Israel. Arabic is the official language of Israel. Cognates: coffee, ghoul, carrot, algebra, gargle, check, alcohol, zero Cognates: coffee, ghoul, carrot, algebra, gargle, check, alcohol, zero

62. Arabic Proverbs If you conduct yourself properly, fear no one. If you conduct yourself properly, fear no one. An intelligent deaf-mute is better than an ignorant person who can speak. When the wolf comes for the sheep, the dog goes to deficate. Exert effort, you shall be rewarded. (lit. tire yourself out for the sake of something and you shall get it.)