1. The Ways we can encode… Visual Encoding: the encoding of picture images. Acoustic Encoding: the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words. Semantic Encoding: the encoding of meaning.

2. Deep Versus Shallow Processing Deep Processing analyzes meaning Shallow processing does not (Semantic is best!!)

3. How Many Fs are in this Sentence? FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULTS OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS.

4. Self-Reference Effect An example of how we encode meaning very well. The idea that we remember things (like adjectives) when they are used to describe ourselves.

5. Remember as many as you can! 9 7 5 4 6 8 2 5 9 9 1 3 8 2 5 5 9 6 3 8 2 7 8 6 9 5 1 3 7 2 7 1 9 3 8 4 2 7 3 9 1 5 2 4 3 8 1 6 2 1 5 2 8 4 6 7 3 1 8 9

6. Chunking Helps 423-19 267-198 390-675-2 573-291-43 721-354-456 245-619-832-2 141-384-515-89 201-315-426-762 This is one reason why I assign the concept maps – creates chunks

7. Hierarchy Complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories.

8. Encoding Summarized in a Hierarchy