1. Think-Write  Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the DNA and RNA molecules below:

2. DNA RNA Nucleic Acids Sugar and PO 4 Backbone A, G, and C C bonds w/ G Double Helix (Two strands) Deoxyribose Sugar A bonds with T Single Stranded Ribose Sugar Contains the Base Uracil (U) A bonds with U

3. Agenda 6/23/15  Think-Write  DNAi Timeline  Central Dogma Notes  Central Dogma Worksheet  Transcription/Translation Classwork  Transcription Homework

4. The Central Dogma

5. Overview COPY REPLICATION: Make DNA from DNA Template TRANSCRIPTION: Make RNA from DNA Template TRANSLATION: Make Proteins from RNA Template

6. Animation  http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_ 09/get_chapter_group.htm?cin=3&rg=ani mated_biology&at=animated_biology&v ar=animated_biology

7. Transcription  The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template  Like replication, transcription takes place inside the Nucleus of Eukaryotes COPY

8. Why transcription?? DNA is very valuable, it holds all of our information DNA must be protected within the nucleus COPY

9. But, in order for cells to be able to do the work that your DNA tells it to do, the information must leave the nucleus So, cells make an mRNA COPY that can carry the information to the cytoplasm

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries copies of DNA with instructions to make proteins. mRNA is the DNA’s messenger COPY

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA During protein construction, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers each amino acid to the ribosome. Amino acid Transfer RNA COPY

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Types of RNA Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosome Ribosomal RNA COPY

13. Steps of transcription #1: Initiation #2: Elongation #3: Termination COPY

14. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus mRNA What is Translation? Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus, and then enters the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome. COPY

15. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation Lysine tRNA Phenylalanine Methionine Ribosome mRNA Start codon The ribosome binds new tRNA molecules and amino acids as it moves along the mRNA. COPY

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Translation tRNA Ribosome mRNA Lysine Translation direction

17. IN A NUTSHELL: The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA. The codons of mRNA specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein. COPY

18. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid -Use CODON Wheel- Only write the first 3 letters of the AA COPY

19. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall AUG = Met COPY

20. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall AAC = Asp

21. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall GCA = Ala GCG = GCU =