1. LOOKING AT YOUR WORLD TO OBSERVE EXAMPLES OF EXTERNAL FORCES Pages 52-57 Reading the Landscape Arizona - Vermilion Cliffs National Monument – The Wave Bernard Glacier – Alaska's Saint Elias Mountains

2. The lithosphere – and inside of it as well – is impacted by two main shaping forces. Pages 52-57 What are they?  Weathering  Erosion Let’s see if we can observe our world a bit in regards to these powerful forces of change.  In your small groups – use the images provided to answer the accompanying questions.  Afterward we will watch a short movie about the Grand Canyon.  Finally, we will apply what we have learned to our own area of the world.

3. Weathering and Erosion Pages 52-57 Earth's surface is constantly being shaped and reshaped by natural processes. Weathering and erosion usually work over longer periods of time – in a less conspicuous manner.

4. Weathering and Erosion Pages 52-57 List and discuss the different kinds of weathering and erosion you see in these images. Relate that understanding to one or more of the Five Themes of Geography Use these questions to guide your thoughts.  How do human activities contribute to weathering and erosion?  How can weathering and erosion be harmful?  What can you infer from the images about the geology of the different areas in which they were taken?  What caused the situation seen in the image?

5. 1.What do you see? Pages 52-57

6. 2.What do you see? Pages 52-57

7. 3.What do you see? Pages 52-57

8. 4.What do you see? Pages 52-57

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10. 6.What do you see? Pages 52-57

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14. Making the Grand Canyon Pages 52-57 1. Provide a short review of how the canyon was formed. About how old is it? 2. Although the Colorado River has obviously cut down through the layers of rock, why were scientists unsure that this explained how some areas of the Grand Canyon formed? 3. How do scientists explain the observation that the Grand Canyon is far wider than the river itself?

15. Observation leads to understanding and explanation of a place’s unique characteristics. Pages 52-57 The Illinois River Basic is over seven miles wide in some areas. The Illinois River is a slow moving river. It only drops roughly 21 feet in the 200 miles it flows. Then, what shaped this region? http://edcommunity.esri.com/software /webmapping/ Profile tool online from ESRI – showing relief

16. Pages 52-57

17. What about local geography? Kankakee Torrent and the Illinois River About 12,000 years ago, the climate became warmer and the glaciers began to melt and retreat, forming very large glacial lakes. Several of these were contained by moraines near the present site of the City of Kankakee. As the glaciers continued to melt, the water eventually cut through the moraines and cascaded down what is now the Illinois River Valley, resulting in a huge flood known today as the Kankakee Torrent (Willman and Frye 1970). Pages 52-57

18. Observation leads to understanding and explanation of a place’s unique characteristics. What areas could you apply this idea? What areas did your text use to support this notion? Pages 52-57