1. Seventh Edition By David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, and David P. Madsen Civil Drafting Technology Chapter 12 Earthwork

2. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 2 Figure 12 – 1a: Begin cut-and-fill layout by plotting the new road on the map.

3. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 3 Figure 12 – 1b: Cut-and-fill cross section is added to the map perpendicular to the road.

4. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 4 Figure 12 – 1c: Intersection of cross section values with map contour lines permits outlines of cut and fill to be drawn.

5. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 5 Figure 12 – 2: Angle of repose is the same as the ratio of run to rise.

6. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 6 Figure 12 – 3: Pictorial view of a cut and fill.

7. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 7 Figure 12 – 4: Cut-and-fill layout for an inclined road.

8. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 8 Figure 12 – 5: Cross section surveys are composed of several elevation measurements taken perpendicular to the centerline.

9. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 9 Figure 12 – 6: Traditional cross section field notes contain all the information required to construct cross section drawings. Current surveying methods use electronic data collectors to store field notes.

10. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 10 Figure 12 – 7: The Carlson Civil dialog box displays roadway cross sectional data and graphics for analysis and/or editing. (Courtesy Carlson Software)

11. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 11 Figure 12 – 8: Site plan layout before application of cut and fill.

12. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 12 Figure 12 – 9: Site plan layout with cutand- fill scales added.

13. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 13 Figure 12 – 10: Completed site plan layout showing areas of cut and fill.

14. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 14 Figure 12 – 11: A plan view of a CADD terrain model with grading and contour lines applied to the proposed site.

15. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 15 Figure 12 – 12.: The same site shown in Figure 12 – 11 is shown here in a 3D view.

16. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 16 Figure 12 – 13: The borrow pit is laid out as a grid, and the final excavation depths are labeled at each grid intersection.

17. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 17 Figure 12 – 14: The area of a level cross section is calculated by using the dimensions of the profile.

18. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 18 Figure 12 – 15: The area of cross sections that are not level but that have three distinct levels are calculated by finding the area of triangles.

19. Civil Drafting Technology, Seventh Edition David A. Madsen, Terence M. Shumaker, David P. Madsen © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 19 Figure 12 – 16: The volume of earth between these two cross sections is 1161.36 cu yd.