1. CH 11WORLD HISTORY STUDY GUIDE #2 A.BASIC RIGHTS OF TOWNSPEOPLE 1. FREEDOM – for serfs if they lived there for a year and a day 2. EXEMPT STATUS - from manorial obligations Ex. Working the land, paying rent, etc. 3. TOWN JUSTICE (courts & juries) – as opposed to manor law Ex. Trial by Ordeal 4. COMMERCIAL (business) PRIVILEGES – could sell goods in the town market

2. B. G U I L D S MERCHANT GUILDS ~ASSOC. OF MERCHANTS WHO CONTROLLED TRADE FOR THE ENTIRE TOWN ~ALSO A CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION, LOOKING AFTER ITS OWN MEMBERS WHEN ILL AND PROVIDING SERVICES FOR THE TOWN (Ex. PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT)

3. CRAFT GUILDS ~ASSOC. OF SKILLED WORKERS IN A PARTICULAR CRAFT ~REGULATED WORKING CONDITIONS FOR MEMBERS EXS. WAGES, HOURS, DISCIPLINED BAD WORKERS ~SET HIGH STANDARDS FOR QUALITY ~LOOKED AFTER ILL MEMBERS AND WIDOWS

4. APPRENTICE ~A BOY LEGALLY BOUND TO A MASTER FOR FROM 5 TO 9 YEARS ~THE APPRENTICE LEARNED THE TRADE, DID ODD JOBS AND TASKS ~THE MASTER PROVIDED ROOM AND BOARD AND TAUGHT THE TRADE

5. JOURNEYMAN ~SKILLED ARTISAN WHO JOURNEYED ABOUT, WORKING FOR VARIOUS MASTERS - FOR A WAGE ~ EVENTUALLY SUBMITS A “MASTERPIECE” TO THE GUILD MASTERS. IF APPROVED HE BECOMES A MASTER TOO JOURNEYMAN’S PAPERS

6. MASTER CRAFTSMAN ~FULL MEMBER OF GUILD WHO COULD OPEN HIS OWN SHOP

7. C. Rise of the Middle Class a. Merchants, skilled workers,etc. >In England they were called Burgesses >Germany - Burghers >France - Bourgeoisie *All stem from the words burg or borough, meaning town

8. b. Life in Medieval Towns 9 OUT OF 10 N. EUR. TOWNS HAD FEWER THAN 2,000 RESIDENTS *EXCEPTIONS INCLUDE:

9. Paris, france *150,000

10. London, England *40,000

11. Lubeck, Germany *10,000 ~Most important city of the Hanseatic Trade League

12. TOWNS WERE LOCATED: ~ALONG TRADE ROUTES ~ON TOPS OF HILLS ~ALONG RIVERS

13. MEDIEVAL HOMES *MULTIPLE STORIES DUE TO LAND BEING SCARCE AND EXPENSIVE *”GARDEZ L’EAU”! “Look out, water!” (The “Loo”)

14. Town Halls – for city gov’t GUILD HALLS EXAMPLES OF FINER BUILDINGS:

15. Cathedrals

16. *Problems in medieval cities: Sewage, disease, fire, crime, etc.

17. Why towns were interesting: Busy, interesting, merchants, plays, entertainers, executions, jobs, etc.

18. D. WHY SERFDOM DECLINED: ~Could sell surplus goods at town markets now ~Black Death kills so many that remaining serfs gain importance and rights *Peasant revolts – some peasants fought for greater pay & rights but they were usually brutally suppressed by the nobles… ~In England, growth of raising sheep meant fewer farm hands needed, so many serfs left the manors for the towns

19. E. THE BLACK DEATH ~WHAT: THE PLAGUE (probably Bubonic) ~WHEN: BIGGEST OUTBREAK BEGAN IN A.D. 1347 ~BROUGHT TO ITALY FROM THE BLACK SEA AREA ON TRADING SHIPS AND SPREAD FROM THERE

20. *BUBONIC PLAGUE SPREAD( mostly) BY FLEA BITES *PNUEMONIC PLAGUE WAS AIRBORNE – LIKE COLDS AND FLUS TODAY

21. ~BURNING OF JEWS - who were blamed by many for causing the plague ~DANSE MACABRE - type of art showing plague victims as skeletons ~FLAGELLANTS – religious group who “scourged” themselves with whips hoping to avoid God’s punishment ~MASS DEATHS/GRAVES

22. *PLAGUE DOCTOR – unable to do much except comfort the sick ~AS MANY AS 1/3 OF EUROPE’S POPULATION DIE - AN ESTIMATED 25 MILLION PEOPLE **Some scientists today suggest the cause was an Ebola-like virus rather than a bacteria