4. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Gestalt is a German word means configuration or forms or patterns. Organized whole in contrast to a collection of parts. Example: Flower is just not a total of petals, calyx, corolla, color, fragrance but something mere than that. According to gestalt the total of the parts is not equal to the whole.

5. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS

6. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY

8. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - SIMILARITY  states that elements within an assortment of objects will be perceptually grouped together if they are similar to each other.

9. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - SIMILARITY When similarity occurs, an object can be emphasized if it is dissimilar to the others. This is called anomally.

10. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - PROXIMITY  states that when an individual perceives an assortment of objects they perceive objects that are close to each other as forming a group

11. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - CLOSURE  states that individuals perceive objects such as shapes, letters, pictures, etc., as being whole when they not complete.

12. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - CONTINUATION  Individuals have tendency to continue the contours whenever the elements of the patterns establish an implied direction

13. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - PRAGNANZ

14. LAW OF PRINCIPLE - FIGURE/GROUND We tend to pay attention and perceive things in the foreground first. A stimulus will be perceived as separate from its ground.

15. INSIGHT LEARNING a type of learning or problem solving that happens all-of-a- sudden through understanding the relationships various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error. (VIDEO)

16. INSIGHT LEARNING According to Kohler “Learning is the organism or reorganism of behavior which arises from the interaction of a maturing organism & its environment. (visual). Insight is the perception of relationship between at least 3 factors an agent, a goal and intervening condition or obstacles. Flash of understanding which comes to us all of sudden.

17. Applying Gestalt to design Each of the laws in this presentation provide a technique that can be used in instructional and interface design to maximize visual aesthetics, and therefore maximize learning potential for users. Don’t forget that just as these Gestalt laws are true when defining human perception, the opposite of each is also true. For example, in the diagram below, the figure on the right is DIS-similar to the others and therefore stands out. Visual Design for Education Visual Design for Education Visual Design vs. Verbal Design What is Gestalt Psychology? What is Gestalt Psychology? Why is design so important? Why is design so important? Laws of Gestalt Principles of Visual Design Applying Gestalt to design Applying Gestalt to design References

18. In verbal expression the rules relate to grammar and structure – in visual expression the rules can be explained with Gestalt principles, or “laws” (Schamber, 1986). Traditionally, these laws of Gestalt show how visualisations can be effective when presenting static visual elements (Chang, 2002). Applying Gestalt to design

19. According to Kurt Lewin, a learner has inner and outer forces.All these forces interact and impact on the person’s learning. It takes complexity of experience, without neglecting anything, but accepting and amplifying all that emerges. Knowledge in conceived as a continuous organization and rearrangement of information according to the needs, purposes and meaning.