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Genetics Vocabulary Terms Working Problems Monohybrid Crosses
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Heredity and Genetics Heredity- the passing of traits (characteristics) from parents to offspring Genetics- the branch of biology that focuses on heredity
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Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics
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During his early years at the monastery, Mendel began studying and breeding mice. The bishop was not pleased.
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Brother Gregor settled on bees...
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and peas.
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Mendelian Theory of Heredity (the foundation of genetics) 1.For each inherited character, an individual has two copies- one from each parent 2. There are different versions of genes= alleles For example, the gene for flower color in peas can exist in a “purple” version or a “white” version
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When a trait has two forms and one trait is expressed over the other, the trait that shows up is DOMINANT. Dominant traits are represented by upper case letters. B - brown
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When a trait has two forms, the trait that is hidden or masked is RECESSIVE. Recessive traits are represented by the same letters as dominant traits but lower case. b - blue
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An individual having two like genes for a trait, such as BB or bb, is HOMOZYGOUS. These individuals can also be called pure. HOMO = SAME examples: BB, bb, PP, ww
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An individual that has two unlike genes for a trait is HETEROZYGOUS. These individuals can also be called hybrid. HETERO = DIFFERENT examples: Tt, Ss, Rr, Ww
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Modern Terms Genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (the set of alleles an individual has) Phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism Ex. PP or P p Ex. Purple
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MONOHYBRID CROSS: shows the possible offspring for one trait Bb x Bb Bb B b BB Bb bb Genotypic Ratio: (BB: Bb: bb) - 1 : 2 : 1 Phenotypic Ratio: (Dom: Rec) 3 brown : 1 white B: Brown b: white
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BB b B BB Bb BB Bb Cross a HOMOZYGOUS dominant individual with a HETEROZYGOUS one using the same trait as the previous problem. Practice #1!
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Offspring Genotype: _____% homozygous dominant _____% homozygous recessive _____% heterozygous Offspring Phenotypes: _____% brown _____% white 50 0 100 50 0 What is the GR?What is the PR? 2 : 2 : 04 : 0
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Practice #2! Cross a HOMOZYGOUS recessive individual with a HETEROZYGOUS one using the same trait as the problem before. bb B b Bb bb What is the GR? What is the PR? 0 : 2 : 2 2 : 2
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