1. Why Energy? Energy- ability to cause change Energy- ability to cause change All cell functions need energy! To move, to breath, to reproduce, to digest, etc. All cell functions need energy! To move, to breath, to reproduce, to digest, etc. All energy in living things is as chemical bonds All energy in living things is as chemical bonds Main energy source for all life = THE SUN Main energy source for all life = THE SUN

2. Where Does Energy Come From? Energy is stored in food!!! Energy is stored in food!!! Plants only are autotrophs—they make their own food from sunlight. Plants only are autotrophs—they make their own food from sunlight. Animals are heterotrophs- cannot make their own food, must eat plants for energy. Animals are heterotrophs- cannot make their own food, must eat plants for energy.

3. The energy molecules 2 main energy molecules: 2 main energy molecules: ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) ADP (adenosine di-phosphate) ADP (adenosine di-phosphate)

4. ATP vs. ADP ATP becomes ADP by breaking a phosphate (P) ATP becomes ADP by breaking a phosphate (P) Break chemical bonds = RELEASE energy Break chemical bonds = RELEASE energy ADP becomes ATP by adding a phosphate (P) ADP becomes ATP by adding a phosphate (P) Adding chemical bonds = STORE energy Adding chemical bonds = STORE energy

5. Photosynthesis Photo: light Photo: light Synthesis: make something Synthesis: make something Process by which plant cells use light energy to make food Where: in plants, chloroplasts Where: in plants, chloroplasts Who: Chlorophyll- pigment that traps sun’s light energy in plants ONLY Who: Chlorophyll- pigment that traps sun’s light energy in plants ONLY

6. Photosynthesis Reaction/Equation 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O +sunlight energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 trapped by chlorophyll Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight = Glucose + Oxygen 2 phases (parts): 2 phases (parts): Light -dependent- needs light, oxygen released Light -dependent- needs light, oxygen released Light- independent- no light needed, makes sugar Light- independent- no light needed, makes sugar

7. Cellular Respiration The opposite of photosynthesis! The opposite of photosynthesis! Instead of making food, we break down food plants made to release energy Instead of making food, we break down food plants made to release energy Takes place in mitochondria of all living things Takes place in mitochondria of all living things C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 = 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

8. Bellringer 11/112/09 1.Write the equation for photosynthesis 2.Write the equation for cellular respiration! Use your notes from Friday/Monday! Reminders: HW #10 due Fri! LAB FEE NOW!

9. Cellular Respiration Stages 3 Stages (parts): 3 Stages (parts): Glycolysis- anaerobic Glycolysis- anaerobic Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- aerobic Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- aerobic ETC (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic ETC (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic

10. Aerobic respiration - energy produced using oxygen Anaerobic respiration - also called Fermentation - energy without oxygen

11. Fermentation 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation- energy without oxygen, ex: muscles while running 2. Alcoholic Fermentation - yeast, bacteria, this is how we make beer, cheese, bread, vinegar, wine and cider

12. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration PhotosynthesisRespiration Food madeFood broken down Energy from sunlight stored in glucose Stored energy in glucose released CO 2 taken inCO 2 and H 2 O given off O 2 given offO 2 taken in In the presence of chlorophyll- plants only Occurs in all living organisms Light neededNo light needed In ChloroplastsIn Mitochondria

13. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration