1. Latin Americans Win Independence
Inspired by the revolutions in North America and France, Latin Americans overthrew European rule.

2. Key Terms and Figures Key Terms Haciendas Peninsulares Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Key figures
Simon Bolivar
Toussaint-Louverture
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Monroe Doctrine

3. What About the Bronze?
Spain and Portugal spread mercantilism to Latin America
Took Gold and Silver from their colonies and marketed their goods there
Some colonists, conquistadors, could have large self sufficient farms called haciendas to produce a variety of goods

4. These Guys Can’t Catch A Break
American Indians were used as slaves and were wiped out by diseases
Dying Indian populations gave rise to African Slavery
Spanish Cities began to grow and became centers of commerce

5. Class and Rank High Society
Peninsulares were Europeans who were born on the Iberian peninsula and came to Latin America
Creoles were white settlers born in the colonies and had some wealth
Low Rollers
Mestizos were mixed ancestry combining European and American Indian Descent
Mulattoes were mixed Ancestry European and African Descent
Africans and American Indians were lowest rungs of society

6. Church and Estate
Catholic Church begins to spread power in Latin America both helping and exploiting American Indians
Spanish women had some power in Latin America, owning property and estates and running SOME family businesses

7. Is This A Repeat?
King Charles III looks to gain power back in colonies and institutes an Intendancy system
Colonists get angered by Charles III new taxes, intendancy system, and eliminating competition
Colonists begin to call for independence and are led by Simon Bolivar

8. Love and Haiti Relationship
French Settlers Own Large Plantations in Saint Domingue and lose power as French Revolution begins
Toussaint-Louverture leads free mulattoes and slaves in a rebellion against the settlers
Saint Domingue becomes the first colony to win independence and becomes Haiti

9. Mexican Radio
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla leads the first attempt at Mexican Independence but is captured and killed
Fearing liberalism, the creoles stage an independence movement led by General Agustin de Iturbide and win

10. A Whole New World
Iturbide’s dictatorship fails and Mexico becomes a republic
Central America forms United Provinces of Central America including Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica

11. South American Airlines
General San Martin gains independence for Argentina and Paraguay
Simon Bolivar leads Bloody Rebellions in Venezuala and Gran Columbia, and San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins gain independence in Chile
San Martin wins independence for Peru and Bolivar helps upper Peru gain independence and names it Bolivia

12. If I Had A Brazilian Dollars
Dom Joao becomes leader of Brazil and Portugal but returns to Portugal leaving son Dom Pedro in charge
Dom Pedro Declares Brazil independent and in 1825 Uruguay becomes independent
Most of Latin America is Independent excluding Cuba and Puerto Rico

13. You Take the Good, You Take the Bad
Monroe Doctrine gives US support and protection to Latin American Independence
Mestizoes make gains in society and Slavery is abolished
United Provinces of Central America falls apart into separate nations
Simon Bolivar tries to Spread Unity, but only the IDEA of Unity can be supported in Latin America

14. Same Old Song and Dance Conservatives Favor: Upper Class Creoles
Strong Catholic Church
Government Control of the Economy
Liberals Favor:
Mestizos
Separation of Church and State
Democratic Republics
Laissez-Faire Economy

15. More Problems
Rebellions and elections lead to instability, dictatorships, unrest, and many new governments
Catholic Church leads to conflict as conservatives protest the church and its power and liberals support it
Industry and Trade lead to SOME stability and economic Growth