1. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html Power point created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Source Content: Speaking of America: Vol. II, by Laura Belmonte The Internment of Japanese-Americans

2. During the war years, the rise of defense industries triggered a massive social migration. Millions left rural areas and moved to the cities seeking defense jobs. http://www.thefightingfalcon.org/gibsoninterior_med.jpg

3. This population shift generated social tensions as migrants competed for jobs and housing. http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/ww2-pictures/images/african-americans-wwii-248.jpg

4. In 1943 alone, forty-seven cities reported racial clashes. The bloodiest occurred in Detroit, where a June riot left thirty-four people dead and two million dollars in property damage. http://www.white-history.com/hwr54i_files/detriot_1943_arrest.jpg

6. The following month, hostilities between white servicemen and Latino pachucos degenerated into four days of violence in Los Angeles. http://www.calstatela.edu/orgs/mecha/zoot2.jpg

7. The internment of 112,000 Japanese Americans living on the West Coast was the era’s most notorious racial incident. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

8. California had a long history of intolerance toward Asians and Asian Americans. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/japan/dis2.jpg

9. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

10. Unlike Italian Americans or German Americans, Japanese Americans were a relatively small and isolated community focused in three states. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

11. Following the Pearl Harbor attack, fears of Japanese subversion and racism fueled popular demands that “Japs” be imprisoned. http://www.olive-drab.com/images/pearl_harbor_top_375.jpg

12. In February 1942, despite the fact that not a single Japanese American had been found guilty of disloyalty or espionage, President Franklin Roosevelt succumbed to political pressure and issued Executive Order 9066. http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/od9066ph.html

13. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

14. The directive forced Japanese Americans living in California, Oregon, and Washington to live in relocation camps for the duration of the war. http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/od9066ph.html

15. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

16. http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/od9066ph.html

17. The decision outraged Japanese Americans, more than two-thirds of whom were U.S. citizens. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mliu92/2265586728/

18. Receiving only seventy-two hours notice, they were forced to sell their property and possessions at very discounted prices and then report to internment centers scattered throughout the West. http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/threat/eo9066.htm

19. Armed guards patrolled the camps, and living conditions were usually poor. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

20. http://www.southlandrealestate.com/images/JapaneseInternment.jpg

21. Ironically, the order did not apply to Hawaii, the U.S. territory with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans. http://www.capaa.wa.gov/images/girl_ja.jpg

22. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

23. Weaknesses in the relocation policy became apparent. A shortage of agricultural workers prompted the government to release several internees almost immediately. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

25. Private humanitarian groups secured the release of hundreds of young people by offering college scholarships or vocational training. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

28. Thousands of Japanese-American men got out of the camps by enlisting in armed services. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

30. http://www.picturehistory.com/images/products/0/4/4/prod_4439.jpg

31. Although the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the internment policy in Korematsu v. United States (1944), the government began releasing internees as wartime hysteria subsided. http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp5.html

32. In 1988, the U.S. Congress issued an apology and awarded $20,000 to each of the 80,000 survivors of the relocation program. http://www.nps.gov/archive/miin/home.htm