1. Software Management Linux Software Package File Extensions Extension File.rpm Software package created with the Red Hat Software Package Manager, used on Red Hat, Caldera, Mandrake, and SuSE distributions. Software packages that are source code versions of applications, created with the Red Hat Software Package Manager..src.rpm gzip compressed file (use gunzip to decompress)..gz

2. Extension File bzip2 compressed file (use bunzip2 to decompress, also use the j option with tar, as in xvjf)..bz2 A tar archive file, use tar with xvf to extract..tar gzip compressed tar archive file. Use gunzip to decompress and tar to extract. Use the z option with tar, as in xvzf to both decompress and extract in one step..tar.gz bzip2 compressed tar archive file. Extract with tar -xvzf..tar.bz2 tar archive file compressed with the compress command..tz File compressed with the compress command (use the decompress command to decompress)..Z Debian Linux package..deb

3. RPM packages [alaei@node65 ~]$ rpm -qa | grep vim vim-common-6.3.030-3 vim-X11-6.3.030-3 vim-minimal-6.3.030-3 vim-enhanced-6.3.030-3 [alaei@node65 ~]$ rpm -Uvh emacs-21.2-18.i386.rpm [root@node65 ~]$ rpm -e totem upgrade,whether the package is already installed or not verbose makes rpm print a progress bar

4. Compiling Software [alaei@node65 ~]$./configure [alaei@node65 ~]$ make [alaei@node65 ~]$ make install

5. Compilers in linux gcc g77 GNU project Fortran 77 compiler gfortranGNU Fortran 95 compiler the Intel(R) Fortran Compiler ifort GNU project C and C++ compiler g95 f77 http://www.g95.org/

7. library: a collection of generally useful pre-compiled procedures, stored in a file, and arranged so that a linker can extract the ones needed by any particular program. linker = link editor; a program which takes compiled program fragments and combines them into a complete program, ready for loading. object file: a file produced by compiling a program or module, containing compressed assembly language ready for linking and loading.

8. Practical details Source code, object code, compiling, and linking #f77 circle.f #./a.out #f77 circle.f -o circle.x #f77 circle1.f circle2.f #f77 -c circle1.f circle2.f #f77 circle1.o circle2.o

9. Using libraries under Unix #f77 main.f -lblas the -l option to link it together with your main program #f77 main.f mysub.f -llapack -lblas #f77 -c *.f #ar rcv libmy_lib.a *.o #ranlib libmy_lib.a #rm *.o #f77 main.f -L. -lmy_lib