1. Governor Stefan Ingves 15 March 2012 Financial stability from a consumer perspective Riksdag Committee on Finance

2. The regulation of the financial sector affects the country’s citizens Policy discussions in Sweden, in the EU, globally Swedish citizens and consumers Could be perceived as abstract Often technical Behaviour of the financial sector Effects on the real economy

3. Crises cost society enormous amounts GDP growth in Sweden, 1960-2010, SEK billion Source: The Riksbank

4. The real effects have a high social and economic price Source: The Riksbank Unemployment in Sweden, 1985-2000, percentage of labour force

5. Problems in the banking sector impact the country’s citizens in many ways Weaker economic development Deposit guarantee Need for capital injections Higher unemployment Lower wages Lower pensions Higher taxes Deterioration of public welfare Higher interest rates Via the real economy Directly against bank customers Via the public sector New terms Increased uncertainty New banking relationships Problems in the banking sector Poorer economy for households

6. ? A financial crisis will ultimately threaten basic social functions Household Grocery shop Employer Household’s bank Grocery shop’s bank Employer’s bank Other financial market participants – in and outside Sweden Who can pay whom in a serious crisis? The financial system is central in the society

7. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 impacted borrowers in other countries hard Source: Federal Reserve Boston

8. Problems in the housing sector could have severe consequences for households Source: Finansinspektionen Distribution of new mortgage loans by amortisation period, per cent 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 - 1010 - 3030 - 4040 - 50> 50None Amortisation period, years

9. The European Commission is concerned about developments in Sweden The European Commission would like a closer examination of Swedish households’ indebtedness Sweden’s mandate to handle the situation depends on how the Basel III regulations are implemented in the EU Source: European Commission From Alert Mechanism Report 2011/2012 ”Despite overall good macroeconomic performance some countries display developments in assets markets, including in particular housing, and a continuous build-up of indebtedness in the private sector, which also warrant further analysis”

10. The Riksbank has an important role to play in the prevention of financial crises The Riksbank is responsible for means of payment and can provide liquidity The Riksbank monitors the financial sector with a systemic perspective The Riksbank represents Sweden in International regulatory cooperation But the Riksbank lacks sharp preventive tools

11. Preventing financial crises is of great importance for Swedish households Swedish households need functioning financial services and protection from financial crises and their effects Citizens have the right to expect that authorities will prevent and manage financial crises to the best of their ability Authorities need the right tools to prevent and manage crises