1. American Imperialism APUSH Unit 7-1 Chapter 21 Pages 672-684

2. Reasons for the Increase in Imperialism at the Turn of the Century

3. Commercial and Business Interests

4. Military and Strategic Interests In 1890, Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

5. Social Darwinist Thinking Rudyard Kipling published the poem, The White Man’s Burden, in 1899. Social constructed ideas about “race” were very prevalent at this time

6. Excerpt from: The White Man’s Bur den Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden, In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden, The savage wars of peace— Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought.…

7. Religious / Missionary Interests American Missionaries were very active in China, and later all nations the US imperialized Left Picture: American Missionaries in China 1905

8. The Closing of the American Frontier The Census Bureau stated that the Frontier Line had disappeared in 1890

9. Competition America was late to the worldwide game of Risk…

10.  Jingoism is the 20 th century term used to apply to the reactive tendencies of an Anglo country to fight others for the Jingo country’s interests  In the 19 th century it was called spread- eagleism Jingoism

11. Remembering Back- The Monroe Doctrine  In 1823, President James Monroe issued a statement that Europe should not colonize nor interfere with any country or region in the Americas  Obviously this did not cover stuff they already controlled  In 1823 this was all talk and no show from America, but America remembered it during Imperialism

12. Hawaii – work in your groups By virtue of economic treaties, Hawaii was considered a US Protectorate in 1849 Was officially annexed in 1898

13. The Spanish American War - 1898 America acquired: The Philippines Puerto Rico Guam America freed Cuba from Spanish Rule

14. Why did America get involved in Cuba?  It’s just like the American Revolution!  US had trade interests there  Monroe Doctrine?  Yellow Journalism  Proof of detention camps run by the Spanish

15. Hearst and Pulitzer were competing for their share of the news Marked by large headlines and sensationalist news Yellow Journalism Pulitzer (L) and Hearst (R)

16. More Causes of the War De Lome Letter  Spanish Ambassador to the US criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party. The USS Maine  America had sent the USS Maine to “protect American interests” in Cuba. On February 15, 1898 (6 days after Hearst published the de Lome Letter) the Maine exploded in Havana Harbor  Original Naval investigations determined that an outside mine had blown up the ship

18.  Later findings show that the Maine exploded from the inside – more than likely the result of an accident in the coal bunker Congress Declares War – Aprill 11, 1898

19. The Rough Riders  Mid-June an American force of 17,000 left Florida for Cuba  Included the Rough Riders  Organized by TR (who had quit his Navy position to fight in the war)  Many of the horses didn’t show up in time…

20.  The Spanish fleet was overpowered by the American fleet  America took Puerto Rico as well  August 12, 1898 – armistice was signed  While America lost less than 400 men to battle, over 5,000 died from disease The End of the Spanish in America

21. The Philippines Teddy Roosevelt was Assistant Secretary of the Navy and at the end of February 1898, he ordered Commodore Dewey (head of the Pacific fleet) to attack the Philippines when war was declared

22. Dewey Captured The Philippines  Dewey won the Battle of Manila in one day with only a handful of American injuries  He convinced Filipino revolutionary, Emilio Aguinaldo, to help him fight the Spanish and others trying to take the Philippines, but Aguinaldo thought the Filipinos would be free…

23. The Filipino American War  Fighting in the Philippines lasted for 3 years, 63,000 American troops were used to put down the revolt with 4,300 American deaths.  After installing a constitutional government in 1934, independence was granted to the Philippines in 1946.

24. Results of the Spanish American War

25. The Treaty of Paris - 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. The U.S. paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines. The U.S. becomes an imperial power!

26. The American Anti- Imperialist League  Founded in 1899.  Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.  Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

27. Teller Amendment (1898 – before the war) 1. America could NOT annex Cuba, but had to leave Cuba to self governance Platt Amendment (1903) 1.Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2.The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent government 3.Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4.Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Cuban Independence? Senator Orville Platt

28. Puerto Rico “Commonwealth”  1901-1903 The Insular Cases  Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions – it was up to Congress  1917 – The Jones Act  Gave full territorial status to PR  Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US.  PRs elected their own legislators & governor to enforce local laws.  PRs could NOT vote in US presidential elections.  A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House when applicable

29. China  Where all the cool stuff was made  Where European countries had already taken over and America was feeling left out  Where all the Chinese were since they couldn’t come to America after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

30. The Open Door Policy  Under Secretary of State John Hay.  Give all nations equal access to trade in China.  Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.  No country that had control of China really agreed (or disagreed) with this…

31. The Open Door Policy

32. America as a Pacific Power

33. “The Cares of a Growing Family”

34. Teddy Roosevelt, The Big Stick Policy, and the Panama Canal TR ran as McKinley’s VP in 1900 and became President when McKinley was assassinated in 1901

35. Why a Canal? During the Spanish America War it took the USS Oregon 6 months to get to the Caribbean US and UK had agreed not to make a canal, but UK changed the treaty so we could A French company had already started so US bought their plans It would help US conquer the world!

36. Panama is Free! Thanks TR!  The area of “Panama” was actually controlled by Columbia who wouldn’t allow US to build a canal  US threw Panama a revolution and signed a treaty with them 2 weeks later  US would pay $10 million to Panama and rent the canal zone for $250,000 a year  Feeling bad, the US later paid Columbia $25 million in 1921

37. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905  Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power

38. Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick