1. Chapter 3 The Colonies Come of Age SOPHOMORE AMERICAN HISTORY MR. TAYLOR

2. England and Its Colonies MERCANTILISM The British interest in establishing colonies was influenced by MERCANTILISM, which held that a countries ultimate goal was self-sufficiency and all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver. Maintain your wealth through a FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE: export more than you import To England, the colonies were an important source of raw materials, and a ready market for the homeland. Read Page 68

3. England and Its Colonies  Colonies Exported to England:  Lumber  Furs  Fish  Tobacco  Colonists bought manufactured goods from England:  Furniture  Textiles  Books SOME COLONIAL GOODS WERE BEING SOLD TO OTHER COUNTRIES- Smuggling Page 68

5. NAVIGATION ACTS OF 1651 To enforce the policies of mercantilism, England passed the Navigation Acts:  European goods destined for the colonies must go through England  All colonial products had to be carried on English ships. (ability to tax)  1673- Established a tax on certain goods and sent custom agents to collect the tax EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS  England  Increased revenues  Increased costs of enforcement   America  Stimulated some industries  More English involvement-RESENTMENT AND SMUGGLING 

6. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION KING JAMES II  1684- Charles II  Revoked Mass. Charter- Royal Colony  1685-James II  Dominion of New England  Edmond Andros  Enforced Navigation Acts  Restricted local assemblies  Levied taxes on his own  1688- Colonial Response  Sent a representative to England get the Charter back THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Page 69

7. GOVERNMENT IN THE COLONIES Glorious Revolution gave the colonists ideas about their rights and self-rule Steps toward self-rule: ◦Colonists claimed that they were English citizens ◦Long history of self-government 1688- England turned its attention away from the Colonies ◦England strengthened the Navigation Acts ◦Admiralty Courts- Courts for smugglers- You must prove your innocence- presided over by English judges ◦Writs of Assistance- Blanket Search Warrants for smugglers ◦Board of Trade- English advisory board with broad powers to control trade between colonists and England ◦Lightly Enforced Salutary Neglect- England relaxed enforcement of most regulations in return for economic loyalty from the Colonies.

8. SELF-RULE IN THE COLONIES Royal Authority  A governor was appointed by the King  Appointed Advisory Council  Authority to call and disband the Assembly  Appoint and dismiss Judges  Over see all aspects of colonial Trade Colonial Authority Local Assembly elected by Colonists- white male landowners Paid the Governors salary Strong influence over the governor READ PAGE 71

9. A PLANTATION ECONOMY ARISES Southern Colonial Economies Agricultural Society- based on CASH CROPS- Produced cash crops- Tobacco, Rice, Indigo- Blue Dye Plantation system- Few Towns Read Page 73 PPlantation System: LLarge farm, usually in warm climate, with an unskilled labor force that grows a cash crop PPlanters- plantation owners dominated southern society LLarge demand for slaves

11. Life in Southern Society Diverse and Prosperous  Thousands of Germans and Scots settled in the South.  Planters controlled the Southern Economy  Top 2% of the population  Controlled the social and political institutions  Owned the majority of slaves  Depended on trade and exports  The Role of Women- Page 74  Indentured Servants- Page 75

12. Slavery Becomes Entrenched The Evolution of Slavery  Tried to Enslave the Native Americans  Reluctant to learn English labor techniques  Could easily escape- better knowledge of the area- had friends and family to help  Indentured Servant Population fell, the price of indentures servants grew  African slavery grew  A slave worked for life- Their kids were slaves  Most colonists were convinced that Africans were inferior  More difficult to run away- Physically looked different  Could handle the hot conditions of the South  1750- 200,000 slaves in the Southern Colonies

14. TRIANGULAR TRADE

15. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE The Middle Passage Olaudah Equiano- (page 76) Resistance-

17. Africans Cope in the New World  Pottery and Basket making  Musical Tradition and Oral Tradition  Community and New Families- Took care of each other  Ring Shout/ Circular Religions Dances  RESISTANCE AND REVOLT- Page 78

18. THE COMMERCIAL NORTH Section 3 A diversified Economy  Farming- Several crops instead of a cash crop  New England- Small Farms, short growing season, rocky Soil  Subsistence Farming  Middle Colonies- Good soil, Larger Family Farms  Variety of crops and livestock  Surplus- exported to West Indies  Commercial Economy- Many different business and industries  Grinding Wheat, Fishing, Lumber, Ship Building, Fur Trading, Iron Ore, etc.  Merchants and Trading- Triangular Trade  Urban Life- Expansion of trade caused the growth of cities  The North boasted many thriving cities and Ports  Boston, New York, Philadelphia  Read Page 81

19. NOTHERN SOCIETY IS DIVERSE Northern colonies attracted a variety of immigrants  Influx of Immigrants  Much more immigration in the North than the South  More opportunities  Germans, Irish, Scandinavians, Jews, Dutch  Read page 81  Slavery in the North  Staple crops and large families lessened the need for slavery in the North  It did exist in New England and the Middle Colonies  Racial prejudices against blacks free and slave were extensive  Read Page 81  Read: Women in Society and Witchcraft Trials in Salem

20. New Ideas Influence the Colonists  THE ENLIGHTENMENT  SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND SUPERSTITION  Enlightenment ideas spread to the colonies, especially in New England  Emphasis on Education  Ben Franklin- Scientific method  Thomas Jefferson- Natural Rights and the Role of Govt.  THE GREAT AWAKENING  Puritan Church in the early 1700s- Pg 83  Jonathan Edwards- Revive the vision of the Church  Intensity of the Puritan Church  Acknowledge sin and Gods Love  Edwards message spread  GREAT AWAKENING- 1730s and 40s  Organized Church grew  Increased interest in education- Higher Education  Read Page 84

23. THE STRUGGLE FOR LAND Section IV The French in North America Quebec, de Champlain, La Salle France claimed the St. Lawrence Seaway, Mississippi River and Great Lakes, including New Orleans. NEW FRANCE France claimed a large area, but never settled it. Single men looking for riches. Christian Missionaries French economy- tied to the American Indians Indians traded furs for trade goods Altered the way of life of the American Indian FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 Fort Duquesne- 1754 Fort Necessity George Washington BRITISH GO TO WAR Edward Braddock (Br.)- 1755 George Washington (Co.)-1757 De Montcalm (Fr.) William Pitt- (Br. ) Sec of State Wolfe (Br)- Battle of Quebec 1763 TREATY OF PARIS PONTIAC’S REBELLION PROCLAMATION LINE

26. THE COLONIES AND BRITISH GROW APART British Policies Anger the Colonists Read the following : The Colonies and British grow apart- pages 88-89 American Smuggling Colonies should help pay the debt 10,000 British Troops- WHY!! Admiralty Courts No Juries Burden of Proof was on defendant Assumed quilty Writs of Assistance George Grenville Sugar Act Lowered Tariffs Tariffs on more imports Strengthened the Navigation Acts