1. Space notes Grade 9 science

2. The life of stars 312-02 describe and classify the major components of the universe: nebular, galaxies, giant stars, dwarf stars, quasars, black hole 312-06 Describe the effects of solar phenomena on Earth: sunspots, solar flares, solar radiation

3. By the end of this lesson… EVERYONE WILL KNOW: That stars have life cycles, and that there is more than just light coming from the sun MOST PEOPLE CAN EXPLAIN: In general what is the star life cycle, and differnet solar emissions SOME PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN: The connection between sunspots and Auroras

4. What are stars? Stars are _________ They look small because they are a long way away Many are _________ than the Sun The heat of the star is made in the centre by nuclear fusion reactions There are lots of _________

5. The Life Cycle of a Star Stars are “born” in giant _________ These clouds are called _________ _________ in the center because of the density of matter As the “knots” become more “tangled” they increase in density, size and heat … and A Star is Born!

6. The Life Cycle of a Star… Continued… The “knots” of dust and gas some times form in pairs Dust and gas on the _________ because of the rotation and gravity in the center These “outer knots” may not be pulled into the center _________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmNXKqeUtJM

7. A New Star This image of a “new” star in our galaxy We can see the star shining brightly The energy from the star (solar wind) is pushing the extra gas and dust outward This extra gas an dust may someday become planets

8. Different Colours Stars that are blue _________ are red Blue stars will burn their fuel faster, _________ Using spectral analysis of the light coming from a star, astronomers can determine what elements are present in a star

9. RIP Star… Eventually _________ The star begins to collapse into its own gravity The outer shell will _________ making it red This size and colour of star has changed, _________ (This phase happens twice: after shinking the star “restarts” using helium as fuel)

10. Other Outcomes Smaller stars (like our Sun) _________ Small star inside of a ring shaped cloud The collapse of the biggest stars will cause a Supernova After a supernova sometimes _________(VERY DENSE) _________ a Black Hole can form

11. Practice Question https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM9 CQDlQI0A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM9 CQDlQI0A Using 6-8 frames, Explain the life of stars and the possible outcomes How are they started? In the middles? What about the end?

12. Solar Emissions Energy travels in waves, in a variety of wave lengths _________ Other lengths are responsible for radio, microwaves, x-rays and more _________

13. Solar Emissions… Continued… Some of the wavelengths (Gamma, X ray and UV) are “ionizing” _________ (that’s bad…) The particles in our atmosphere reflect large amounts of _________ (that’s good!)

14. Sunspots Sunspots are areas of the sun _________ They look darker than the rest of the sun They are the “Exit Points” for _________ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/ solarcycle-primer.html#.VWmt9M-qqko

15. Solar flares Solar flares are intense explosions of Solar Radiation _________ from the electromagnetic spectrum _________ The flares can be extremely disruptive to communication satelites and GPS devices

16. Auroras The Northern and Southern Lights (Auroras) _________ Large solar flares are known as _________ The Auroras occur when particles from the flare get trapped in the _________ To “settle down” the particles release energy as _________ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXxwZVbDt1c

17. Practice Questions 1.How does a star start to form? 2.Why does a star collapse on itself? 3.How is our sun different from a White Dwarf? 4.Explain one for the ways that a star could “die”. 5.What is the sun sending besides visible light? 6.What causes the Northern/Southern Lights?