1. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 1. What is the main instrument to observe cells? (p.4-5) 2. If you switch the microscope from low power to high power, what would you see- more cells with less detail or fewer cells with more detail? Explain. (p 4-5) 3. What is a cell? (p.5) 4. What are the main characteristics of living things? (Look in your notes) 5. What is homeostasis? Give an example. (Look in your notes) Movement, growth and development, response to stimuli, reproduction, use of energy, has cells Fewer cells with more detail. It is like zooming in on a cell phone. When you zoom in you get less picture with more detail. Basic unit and structure of all living things. microscope human body keeping constant internal body systems. Example: the human body maintaining a stable or constant body temperature.

2. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review It took several years for the Cell Theory to be developed. Many scientists added to the theory and over time it showed that a theory is able to change and improve if new theories are discovered. All unicellular No Nucleus bacteria Have DNA Have a cell membrane Nucleus Have organelles 7. 8.

3. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 8. What is a prokaryote? Give an example. (p. 8-10) 9. What is a eukaryote? Give an example. (p. 8-10) 10. Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell? (p. 38) 11. What is the cell membrane? What is its function? Where is it in cells? (p.13) 12. What are ribosomes? What are the two places that these can be found in a cell? (p. 15 ) Single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus and no organelles. Example- Bacteria. Mostly multi-celled (many celled) organisms that have a nucleus and organelles. Example- animals, plants and fungi. In the chloroplasts of the cell. A protective barrier that encloses the cell. It separates the cell’s contents form its environment. Cell membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. It is located outermost structure of the cell. Ribosomes make proteins. They are located floating freely in the cytoplasm and on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

4. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 13.What is cellular respiration? What does it do for cells? Where does it take place in the cell? (p. 39) 14.What is the function of the cell wall? What type of cell is it located in? (p.12) 15.What does mitosis result in or create? Explain. (p. 43-44) 16.Draw the main steps of Mitosis. Know the order of the steps. The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. It gives energy to the cell. It is located in the mitochondria of the cell. A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides extra support to the cell. Plants and algae have a cell wall. It is located surrounding the outside of the cell. It creates two genetically identical daughter cells.

5. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 17. What does meiosis produce or result in? Explain. (p. 69) 18.The main difference between asexual reproduction (mitosis) and sexual reproduction (meiosis)? Explain. 19. In every case, you inherit genes from mom only, dad only or both parents? Explain. Four genetically different daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes. Mitosis produces two identical cells with the full amount of chromosomes, while Meiosis produces four genetically different cells with half the number of chromosomes.. Always inherit genes from both parents even twins inherit genes from both mom and dad.

6. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 20.Cross a black dog BB with a white dog bb. BB x bb 21. What is the chance of an offspring being black? 22.What is the genotype of the black offspring? Explain. B B b b Bb 100% all black. They will all have a white gene. Heterozygous. All will have a genotype of Bb. That is the only combination that is possible.

7. Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 23. What is heredity? (p. 56) 24.What is homozygous? Give examples. (p. 63) 25.What is heterozygous? Give an example. (p. 63) 26. What is a mutation? Are they always harmful? Explain. (p. 94) 27. What is an allele? How are dominant alleles expressed? How are recessive forms expressed? The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. An organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles is homozygous. Example- PP or pp. An organism that has both a dominant and recessive allele is heterozygous. Example- Pp A change in the sequence of a gene or DNA molecule. They can be helpful, harmful or neutral. They are not always harmful. Some are beneficial. The different forms of a gene. Dominant alleles are expressed as a capital letter, recessive alleles are expressed as a lower cased letter. When a dominant allele is with a recessive allele the dominant trait always shows.