1. Landforms & Changes to Earth Study Guide Mrs. Prebish Class Test Date: Wednesday, February 4, 2015

2. Weathering Process of rocks being broken down into smaller parts.

3. What Causes Weathering? Water Causes WeatheringIce Causes Weathering Wind Causes Weathering

4. Erosion Erosion is the carrying away of pieces of weathered rock Weathering FIRST, then erosion

5. Earth’s Surface – A Big Puzzle Earth’s Surface: Made up of large pieces of soil/rock (plates) that fit together like puzzle pieces Rapid Changes: Earth’s surface changes quickly (day or week)

6. Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic eruptions happen because one plate is pushing under another plate The force of that plate pushing causes magma to flow up into the mountain. Eventually the pushing force gets so great that the magma breaks through the mountain or erupts. Volcanoes changes the land by... Breaking the peak of the mountain off Making extra hills down the side of the mountain (from cooled lava)

7. Landslides Landslide is the downward and outward movement of rock and soil down the side of a hill or mountain. Landslides can be caused by: – Gravity pulling on loose rock/soil – Excessive water causing large chunks of land to slide

8. Earthquakes Earthquakes happen when two plates are rubbing against each other. Earthquakes changes the land by... Offsetting rocks/soil horizontally (objects that were once lined up closely are now moved away from each other) Offsetting rocks/soil vertically (Objects that were once at equal heights are now setting where one is high and the other is low) Offsetting rocks/ soil Spreading them apart and leaving a crack between them

11. Hill- a piece of land that rises higher than the land around it (under 2,000 feet high). It looks like a bump in the Earth. They are easier to climb because they are less steep than mountains.

15. Mountain- a piece of land that rises higher than the land around it (over 2,000 feet high). The sides are steep and harder to climb than hills. Formed by the crust’s plates moving together.

19. Plains- a large area of flat (or nearly flat) land that is covered by grasses and sometimes a few trees.

23. Valley- a low area of land between mountains or hills. They can have rivers flowing through them.

27. End Study Guide Mrs. Prebish Class Test Date: Wednesday, February 4, 2015