Fermentation Technology By Thanut Amatayakul Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University

Outline Definition of Fermentation Biotechnology Products from fermentation Microorganisms Media Upstream processing Downstream processing

Please give me a list of products made from fermentation process

A –----------------> B Definition Fermentation A process that use microbial cells or enzymes as biocatalysts to bring about specific chemical and/or physical changes in biochemical materials derived from the medium (Smith, 2009). agents A –----------------> B

Substrate Substrate Process Process Product Organism Organism MONEY

Fermentation parameters Important parameters Specific growth rate (m) Yield : product / substrate Productivity : product / time Further information http://iitd.vlab.co.in/?sub=63&brch=177&sim=1348&cnt=1

Common features in Fermentation Growing large amount of cells Under controlled conditions (Temperature, pH, Oxygen, Agitation, Medium) Use a Bioreactor Optimization Harvesting at finishing

Types of Fermentation Batch (Single feed at the start) Fed Batch (Incremental adding of media) Continuous (input = output)

Types of Fermenter/Bioreactor Air-lift : use air for mixing Stirred Tank bioreactor : domination, use turbine for mixing, several types of turbine, common for bacteria Photo-bioreactor : use light, for algae or plant cell culture Solid state fermneter (Koji fermentation)

Microorganisms Sigmoid curve (lag, log, stationary, death phase) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacterial_growth_en.svg#file

Products from fermentation Growth association Primary metabolites It is the substances that are necessary for MO growth and development. This primary metabolites are produce during growth of microorganisms Ex.. Alcohol, Glytamate, Citric acid Secondary metabolites\ It is the substances that are not necessary for MO growth and development. It is usually accumulate during nutrient limitation. Ex. Atibiotics

Media MO need foods (media) C- and N- source (high concentration Also minerals and co factors Most biotechnological fermentation industry use cheap raw materials. It can be by-products or waste from another industry.

Upstream processing Steps from beginning until producing products It is usually carried out within a fermenter. The condition for producing such product have to be optimized. Excluding contamination Good mixing Controlled environmental parameters (pH, temperature, oxygen) Nutrient

Smith (2009)

How to control Sterilization: stream Temperature : cooling water outside or jacket pH : acid or base feeding Oxygen : sparging with clean air or oxygen Nutrient : mixing or feeding (fed batch or continuous)

Downstream processing Steps to separate products from fermenting medium Lots of water Cells, enzymes, amino acids, acids, …. Use equipments: Centrifuge (more like washing machine) Filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) Evaporator Drying Crystallization

Examples of fermentation Wine Sake Meso Bioethanol

Questions What are requirements that a fermenter should have? What should be the key point of media for fermentation? What is the benefit of Fed batch fermentation compared with batch fermentation?