Therapy
A Brief History First mental asylum: England in the 1500’s Bloodletting, beatings, ice baths, induced vomiting Reform in France in the 1790’s Dorothea Dix Reform
Types of Therapy Psychotherapy (client-therapist) Biomedical Therapy (medications) Eclectic Therapy (combination)
Psychotherapy
Goals of Psychotherapy 1. Provide hope for recovery 2. Help client gain insight 3. Provide a trusting relationship 4. Bring about a positive change
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Goal: Bring unconscious/repressed feelings to the surface for confrontation and resolution Methods: Free Association (just talking on the couch) Transference and Resistance can happen Projective Testing (Rorschach and T.A.T.) Dream Analysis (latent vs. manifest content)
Humanistic Therapy
Goal: Help CLIENTS achieve self- actualization through UPR; focus on conscious; non-confrontational Methods: Client-centered therapy (client leads) Active Listening (non judgement from therapist)
Humanistic Therapy Gestalt Therapy (Still HUMANIST): believes in the power of the client to lead therapy but is more confrontational Methods: Role-playing exercises like “empty chair”
Social-Cognitive Therapy
Goals: Get client to understand the interaction among the 1) situation, 2) behavior, 3) thought processes Methods: Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CBT) Probing questions used to help client realize imperfections in thinking on their own! Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Therapists ask probing questions but then directly challenge (confrontation) the irrational or self- defeating thoughts
Behavioral Therapy
Goals: Apply learning principles to adjust behavior and remove maladaptivity
Behavioral Methods 1. Classical Conditioning Systematic Desensitization (anxiety is associated with relaxation) Aversive Therapy (therapist replaces a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative one); example; nausea while smoking Flooding: immediate and intense expose to anxiety-causing stimulus
Behavioral Methods 2. Operant Conditioning Token Economy: therapists use rewards to highlight positive behavior Best when used in group therapy or hospitalization
Behavioral Methods Observational Learning: Modeling: patient observes others confronting and dealing with anxiety
Examples of Behavior Therapy Systematic Desensitization Video Flooding Video
Group Therapy
Family Therapy, Self-Help Groups Adv: Costs less Meet and identify with others DisAdv: May have to “share” therapist Secret is no longer just with the therapist Some are to shy/psychotic/neurotic to participate in group therapy sessions
Biomedical Therapy
Anti-Anxiety Drugs Drugs used to treat and calm anxiety disorders; have a sedative (calming) effect Examples: Xanax, Valium
Anti-Depressant Drugs Drugs used to treat depression; some anxiety disorders Examples: MAOI’s (monamine oxidase inhibitors) SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac
MAOI’s
SSRI’s
Mood Stabilizers Drugs used to treat Bipolar Disorder Example: Lithium
Anti-Psychotic Drugs Drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and other bizarre behavior Examples: Thorazine, Clozaril Side Effects: Tardive Dyskinesia
Electroconvulsive Therapy Electrodes placed on the head pass electric signals through the brain; causing minor seizures Used to treat depression
Prefrontal Lobotomy Psychosurgery in which the connections between the frontal lobes and rear portions (limbic system) of the brain are severed
A great resource for any questions you may have about therapy...resource