Chapter 14 Review “The Behavior of Gases”

First Item: Know the Theory and Definitions of the Gas Laws PTV Remember

Chapter 14 Review Charles’s law states that ____. Charles’s law states that ____. As the temperature of a fixed volume of a gas increases, the pressure will ____. As the temperature of a fixed volume of a gas increases, the pressure will ____. Which gas law can be used to calculate the number of moles of a contained gas? Which gas law can be used to calculate the number of moles of a contained gas? If a sealed syringe is plunged into cold water, in which direction will the syringe piston slide? If a sealed syringe is plunged into cold water, in which direction will the syringe piston slide?

Chapter 14 Review An ideal gas CANNOT be ____. An ideal gas CANNOT be ____. If the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest is one-third the atmospheric pressure at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen on Mt. Everest is __. If the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest is one-third the atmospheric pressure at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen on Mt. Everest is __. Boyle’s law states that ____. Boyle’s law states that ____. Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy? a) ammonia, or b) hydrogen Which of the following atoms would have the greatest velocity if each atom had the same kinetic energy? a) ammonia, or b) hydrogen

Chapter 14 Review Why does air escape from a tire when the tire valve is opened? Why does air escape from a tire when the tire valve is opened? The tendency of molecules to move from high concentration toward areas of lower concentration is called ____. The tendency of molecules to move from high concentration toward areas of lower concentration is called ____. What happens to the pressure of a gas inside a container if the temperature of the gas decreases? What happens to the pressure of a gas inside a container if the temperature of the gas decreases?

Chapter 14 Review Which of the following gases will effuse the most rapidly? a) chlorine, or b) hydrogen Which of the following gases will effuse the most rapidly? a) chlorine, or b) hydrogen How does the gas propellant move when an aerosol can is used? How does the gas propellant move when an aerosol can is used? Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of a real gas most like that of an ideal gas? Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of a real gas most like that of an ideal gas?

Chapter 14 Review If a sealed syringe is heated, in which direction will the syringe plunger move? If a sealed syringe is heated, in which direction will the syringe plunger move? The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. So, how does the gas pressure change? The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. So, how does the gas pressure change? What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not? What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not?

Chapter 14 Review How is the ideal gas law usually written? How is the ideal gas law usually written? The combined gas law relates which items together? The combined gas law relates which items together? If a balloon is squeezed, what happens to the pressure of the gas inside the balloon? If a balloon is squeezed, what happens to the pressure of the gas inside the balloon? Which of the following gases is the best choice for inflating a balloon that must remain inflated for a long period of time: a) argon, or b) hydrogen? Which of the following gases is the best choice for inflating a balloon that must remain inflated for a long period of time: a) argon, or b) hydrogen?

Chapter 14 Review If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container? If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container? In general, for a gas at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas is ____ proportional to its Kelvin temperature. In general, for a gas at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas is ____ proportional to its Kelvin temperature.

Chapter 14 Review At high pressures, how does the volume of a real gas compare with the volume of an ideal gas under the same conditions? At high pressures, how does the volume of a real gas compare with the volume of an ideal gas under the same conditions? Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container? Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container? Why is a gas easier to compress than a liquid or a solid? Why is a gas easier to compress than a liquid or a solid?

Second Item: Know the Math to solve the Problem Calculations

Steps to Solve the Math Calculations of the Gas Laws: 1)Carefully read the question; write down the known and unknown values on your paper. 2)Choose the equation that contains the known and unknown values. 3)Algebraically solve the equation for the unknown value. 4)Insert the known values into the equation, and carefully calculate the answer.

Chapter 14 Review The gaseous product of a reaction is collected in a 25.0 L container at 27 o C. The pressure in the container is kPa and the gas has a mass of 96.0 g. How many moles of the gas are in the container? The gaseous product of a reaction is collected in a 25.0 L container at 27 o C. The pressure in the container is kPa and the gas has a mass of 96.0 g. How many moles of the gas are in the container?

Chapter 14 Review A balloon filled with helium has a volume of 30.0 L at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 15.0 o C. What will the volume of the balloon be if the temperature is increased to 80.0 o C and the pressure remains constant? A balloon filled with helium has a volume of 30.0 L at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 15.0 o C. What will the volume of the balloon be if the temperature is increased to 80.0 o C and the pressure remains constant?

Chapter 14 Review The volume of a gas is 250 mL at kPa pressure. What will the volume be when the pressure is reduced to 50.0 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant? The volume of a gas is 250 mL at kPa pressure. What will the volume be when the pressure is reduced to 50.0 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant? A gas occupies a volume of 140 mL at 35.0 o C and 97 kPa. What is the volume of the gas at STP? A gas occupies a volume of 140 mL at 35.0 o C and 97 kPa. What is the volume of the gas at STP?

Chapter 14 Review A gas has a volume of 590 mL at a temperature of o C. What volume will the gas occupy if the temperature changes to 30.0 o C? A gas has a volume of 590 mL at a temperature of o C. What volume will the gas occupy if the temperature changes to 30.0 o C? What is the pressure exerted by 32 g of O 2 in a 22.0 L container at 30.0 o C? What is the pressure exerted by 32 g of O 2 in a 22.0 L container at 30.0 o C?

Chapter 14 Review A rigid container of O 2 has a pressure of 340 kPa at a temperature of 713 K. What is the pressure at 273 K? A rigid container of O 2 has a pressure of 340 kPa at a temperature of 713 K. What is the pressure at 273 K? A gas has a pressure of 710 kPa at 227 o C. What will its pressure be at 27 o C, if the volume does not change? A gas has a pressure of 710 kPa at 227 o C. What will its pressure be at 27 o C, if the volume does not change?

Chapter 14 Review Use Graham’s law to calculate how much faster fluorine gas (F 2 ) will effuse than chlorine gas (Cl 2 ). Use the molar mass of F 2 = 38.0; the molar mass of Cl 2 = Use Graham’s law to calculate how much faster fluorine gas (F 2 ) will effuse than chlorine gas (Cl 2 ). Use the molar mass of F 2 = 38.0; the molar mass of Cl 2 = A gas storage tank has a volume of 3.5 x 10 5 m 3 when the temperature is 27 o C and the pressure is 101 kPa. What is the new volume of the tank if the temperature drops to -10 o C and the pressure drops to 95 kPa? A gas storage tank has a volume of 3.5 x 10 5 m 3 when the temperature is 27 o C and the pressure is 101 kPa. What is the new volume of the tank if the temperature drops to -10 o C and the pressure drops to 95 kPa?

Chapter 14 Review A 10 g mass of krypton occupies 15.0 L at a pressure of 210 kPa. Find the volume of the krypton when the pressure is increased to 790 kPa. A 10 g mass of krypton occupies 15.0 L at a pressure of 210 kPa. Find the volume of the krypton when the pressure is increased to 790 kPa. A mixture of gases at a total pressure of 95 kPa contains N 2, CO 2, and O 2. The partial pressure of the CO 2 is 24 kPa and the partial pressure of the N 2 is 48 kPa. What is the partial pressure of the O 2 ? A mixture of gases at a total pressure of 95 kPa contains N 2, CO 2, and O 2. The partial pressure of the CO 2 is 24 kPa and the partial pressure of the N 2 is 48 kPa. What is the partial pressure of the O 2 ?

Chapter 14 Review How many moles of N 2 are in a flask with a volume of 250 mL at a pressure of kPa and a temperature of K? How many moles of N 2 are in a flask with a volume of 250 mL at a pressure of kPa and a temperature of K?