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THE TREATIES OF VELASCO

BACKGROUND INFORMATION After Houston’s victory at San Jacinto, Ad Interim President Burnet moved the government to the town of Velasco. After Houston’s victory at San Jacinto, Ad Interim President Burnet moved the government to the town of Velasco. Santa Anna was taken there to sign two treaties with the government. Santa Anna was taken there to sign two treaties with the government. By mid-may 1836 the two treaties were signed, but only one treaty was made public. The other was kept secret By mid-may 1836 the two treaties were signed, but only one treaty was made public. The other was kept secret The Texas Revolution officially ended on May 14, The Texas Revolution officially ended on May 14, 1836.

Provisions (parts in a large legal document) included in the agreement made available to the public Provisions (parts in a large legal document) included in the agreement made available to the public Santa Anna would not fight in Texas again Santa Anna would not fight in Texas again Mexican troops must leave Texas immediately Mexican troops must leave Texas immediately POW (Prisoner of War) Exchange POW (Prisoner of War) Exchange All property seized (taken) by Mexican forces during the revolution was to be returned to its owners All property seized (taken) by Mexican forces during the revolution was to be returned to its owners PUBLIC AGREEMENT

Provisions of the Secret Treaty Santa Anna agreed to try and convince the Mexican government to recognize the independence of Texas Santa Anna agreed to try and convince the Mexican government to recognize the independence of Texas In return, Santa Anna was released by the Texas government and escorted back to Mexico In return, Santa Anna was released by the Texas government and escorted back to Mexico Santa Anna agreed to make the Mexican government recognize the Rio Grande as the Texas boundary. Santa Anna agreed to make the Mexican government recognize the Rio Grande as the Texas boundary. SECRET TREATY

AFTERMATH Many Texans called for Santa Anna to be executed, but General Sam Houston and President Burnet would not allow it Many Texans called for Santa Anna to be executed, but General Sam Houston and President Burnet would not allow it The Mexican government called the Velasco treaties “illegal” and refused to recognize independence The Mexican government called the Velasco treaties “illegal” and refused to recognize independence They said Santa Anna was a POW and believed he was forced to sign the treaties or killed if he refused. They said Santa Anna was a POW and believed he was forced to sign the treaties or killed if he refused. Houston sent word to settlers who fled during the runaway scrape to come home Houston sent word to settlers who fled during the runaway scrape to come home Many returned to find their towns and farms burned, and their possessions gone. Many returned to find their towns and farms burned, and their possessions gone. In the weeks following San Jacinto, Texans turned to rebuilding their homes and building a new nation In the weeks following San Jacinto, Texans turned to rebuilding their homes and building a new nation

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 1 st General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna agrees that he will not take up arms nor will he exercise his influence to cause them to be taken up against the People of Texas during the present War of Independence--Translation: Santa Anna agrees that his army will no longer fight the Texans. Santa Anna agrees that his army will no longer fight the Texans.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 2d All hostilities between the Mexican & Texian troops will cease immediately both on land & water--Translation: All fighting on land and water will end immediately. All fighting on land and water will end immediately.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 3d The Mexican troops will evacuate the territory of Texas passing to the other side of the Rio Grande del NorteTranslation: The Mexican army will leave Texas, and enter Mexico through the north side of the Rio Grande. The Mexican army will leave Texas, and enter Mexico through the north side of the Rio Grande.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 4th The Mexican Army in its retreat shall not take the property of any person without his consent & just indemnification, using only such articles as may be necessary for its subsistence; in cases when the owner may not be present & remitting to the Commander in Chief of the Army of Texas or to the Commissioners to be appointed for the adjustment of such matters an account of the value of the property consumed, the place where taken & the name of the owner if it can be ascertained—Translation: The Mexican Army will not take any property as they retreat to Mexico without consent of the owner. If the owner is not present the Mexicans may take property needed for survival, but must pay the full value of what was taken. The Mexican Army will not take any property as they retreat to Mexico without consent of the owner. If the owner is not present the Mexicans may take property needed for survival, but must pay the full value of what was taken.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 5th That all private property including cattle, horses, negro slaves or indentured persons of whatever denomination that may have been captured by any portion of the Mexican Army or may have taken refuge in the said army since the commencement of the late invasion shall be restored to the Commander of the Texian Army or to such other persons as may be appointed by the Government of Texas to receive them--Translation: All private property taken by the Mexican Army will be returned to the Texas Government so it can be given back to the rightful owners. All private property taken by the Mexican Army will be returned to the Texas Government so it can be given back to the rightful owners.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 6th The troops of both armies will refrain from coming into contact with each other & to this end the Commander in Chief of the Army of Texas will be careful not to approach within a shorter distance of the Mexican Army than five leaguesTranslation: No contact will occur between the Armies, and the Commander of the Texas Army will not come within 15 miles of the Mexican Army. No contact will occur between the Armies, and the Commander of the Texas Army will not come within 15 miles of the Mexican Army.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 7th The Mexican Army shall not make any other delay on its march than that which is necessary to take up their hospitals baggage & cross the rivers--any delay not necessary to these purposes to be considered as an infraction of this agreement--Translation: Any unnecessary delays by the Mexican Army on their way home will be considered a violation of this agreement. Any unnecessary delays by the Mexican Army on their way home will be considered a violation of this agreement.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 8th By Express to be immediately dispatched, this agreement shall be sent to Gen'l Filisola & to Gen'l T.J. Rusk Commander of the Texian Army in order that they may be apprised of its stipulations & to this they will exchange engagements to comply with the sameTranslation: The provisions in this agreement will be sent to Gen. Filisola and Gen. Rusk to make them aware of the treaty, and agree to its terms. The provisions in this agreement will be sent to Gen. Filisola and Gen. Rusk to make them aware of the treaty, and agree to its terms.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 9th That all Texian prisoners now in possession of the Mexican Army be forthwith released & furnished with free passports to return to their homes in consideration of which a corresponding number of rank & file now in possession of the Government of Texas shall be immediately released -- The remainder of the Mexican prisoners that continue in possession of the Government of Texas to be treated with due humanity any extraordinary comforts that may be furnished them to be at the charge of the Government of Mexico.--Translation: Both sides will release all POWs immediately. Mexican POWs will be treated with respect while awaiting release. Both sides will release all POWs immediately. Mexican POWs will be treated with respect while awaiting release.

PUBLIC AGREEMENT Article 10th Genl Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna will be sent to Vera Cruz as soon as it shall be deemed proper --Translation: When the time is right, Santa Anna will be escorted back to Vera Cruz, Mexico When the time is right, Santa Anna will be escorted back to Vera Cruz, Mexico

Secret Treaty Art. 1. He will not take up arms nor cause them to be taken up against the People of Texas during the present War of Independence.Translation: Santa Anna will not continue the war against Texas Santa Anna will not continue the war against Texas

Secret Treaty Art. 2d. He will give his Orders that in the shortest time the Mexican Troops may leave the Territory of Texas. Translation: Translation: Santa Anna will order his army to leave Texas immediately. Santa Anna will order his army to leave Texas immediately.

Secret Treaty Art. 3d. He will so prepare matters in the Cabinet of Mexico that the Mission that may be sent thither by the Government of Texas, may be well received, and that by means of negotiations all differences may be settled and the Independence that has been declared by the Convention may be acknowledged Translation: Translation: Santa Anna will present the treaty to the Mexican government. The government will accept all its terms and recognize Texas’s independence. Santa Anna will present the treaty to the Mexican government. The government will accept all its terms and recognize Texas’s independence.

Secret Treaty Art. 4. A treaty of Commerce, Amity and limits will be established between Mexico and Texas. The territory of the latter not to extend beyond the Rio. Bravo del Norte. Translation: Translation: A friendly trade agreement will be established between Mexico and Texas. The border will not extend beyond the North side of the Rio Grande. A friendly trade agreement will be established between Mexico and Texas. The border will not extend beyond the North side of the Rio Grande.

Secret Treaty Art. 5th. The prompt return of Genl. Santa Anna to Vera Cruz being indispensable for the purpose of effecting his solemn engagements, the Government of Texas will provide for his immediate embarkation forsaid port. Translation: Translation: Santa Anna will be promptly escorted back to Vera Cruz to fulfill his obligations in the treaty. Santa Anna will be promptly escorted back to Vera Cruz to fulfill his obligations in the treaty.

Secret Treaty Art. 6th. This instrument being Obligatory on one part as well as on the other will be signed by duplicate, remaining folded and sealed until the negotiation shall have been concluded, when it will be restored to his Excellency General Santa Anna; no use of it to be made before that time unless there should be an infraction by either of the Contracting parties Translation: Translation: A duplicate treaty will be signed and sealed until all provisions have been met. It then will be given to Santa Anna to take to Mexico. No action will be taken before then, unless either side violates the agreement. A duplicate treaty will be signed and sealed until all provisions have been met. It then will be given to Santa Anna to take to Mexico. No action will be taken before then, unless either side violates the agreement.