Classifying Compounds

Compounds can be classified by the number of different elements they contain (binary, ternary, or quaternary). HI NaOH NH 4 ClO 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 3 OH binary ternary quaternary ternary ternary Compounds can be classified by the type of bonding present (ionic or covalent). HI NaOH NH 4 ClO 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 3 OH covalent ionic ionic covalent covalent Compounds can be classified by the different properties they possess and the ways that their formulas are written. HI NaOH NH 4 ClO 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 3 OH acid base salt sugar alcohol

Classifying Compounds Acid formulas usually start with hydrogen (H). Organic acid formulas will end with the carboxyl group, (COOH). CH 3 COOH HC 2 H 3 O 2 HBr C 6 H 5 COOH H 2 SO 4 HCl HCOOH HI HNO 3 HCl H 2 CO 3

Classifying Compounds Base formulas usually start with a metal or a (+)P.A.I. and end with the (-)P.A.I. hydroxide (OH - ). Base formulas also can start with elements carbon and hydrogen and then end in NH 2. CH 3 NH 2 NH 3 NaOH NH 4 OH Ba(OH) 2 Sr(OH) 2 KOH Mg(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 C 6 H 5 NH 2 LiOH

Classifying Compounds Salt formulas can start with a metal and end with a non- metal (except for oxygen). Salt formulas can start with a (+)P.A.I. and end with a (-) P.A.I. (except for hydroxide – OH - ). Salt formulas can start with a metal and end with a (-)P.A.I. (except for hydroxides – OH - ) Salt formulas can start with a (+)P.A.I. and end with a nonmetal (except for oxygen). Hg 2 CrO 4 NH 4 Br NiCO 3 NaC 2 H 3 O 2 FeC 2 O 4 PbI 2 K 3 PO 4 NH 4 ClO 3 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 MgSO 4 LiCl

Classifying Compounds Sugar formulas will be composed of the three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C x H y O z ) and the hydrogen and oxygen will almost always be in a 2 to 1 ratio. Alcohol formulas start with elements carbon and hydrogen and then end with the hydroxyl group – OH. C 12 H 22 O 11 C 6 H 6 OH C 5 H 11 OH C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 C 27 H 32 OH CH 3 OH C 6 H 12 O 6 C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 C 2 H 5 OH C 5 H 10 O 5

Classifying Compounds Binary Oxides formulas start with either a metal and end with oxygen (metallic oxide) or start with a nonmetal and end with oxygen (nonmetallic oxide). Ex.1) CO 2 - ____________________ Ex.2) CH 3 OH - ____________________ Ex.3) C 12 H 22 O 11 - ____________________ Ex.4) HNO 3 - ____________________ Ex.5) KOH - ____________________ MgO CO 2 Fe 2 O 3 P2O5P2O5 Na 2 O SO 3 Binary oxide Alcohol Sugar Acid Base

Classifying Compounds Ex.6) LiBr - ____________________ Ex.7) HCl - ____________________ Ex.8) MgO - ____________________ Ex.9) NH 4 OH - ____________________ Ex.10) C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 - ____________________ Ex.11) C 5 H 10 O 5 - ____________________ Ex.12) NH 4 NO 3 - ____________________ Ex.13) C 6 H 12 O 6 - ____________________ Ex.14) MgSO 4 - ____________________ Ex.15) CH 3 COOH - ____________________ Salt Acid Binary oxide Base Alcohol Sugar Salt Sugar Salt Acid

Classifying Compounds Ex.16) Na 2 O - ____________________ Ex.17) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH - ____________________ Ex.18) Ca(OH) 2 - ____________________ Ex.19) HIO 3 - ____________________ Ex.20) C 2 H 5 OH - ____________________ Ex.21) NO 2 - ____________________ Ex.22) NaOH - ____________________ Ex.23) NH 4 Cl - ____________________ Ex.24) C 5 H 10 O 4 - ____________________ Binary oxide Alcohol Base Acid Alcohol Binary oxide Base Salt Sugar