Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds 1.To learn about aldehydes and ketones 2.To learn to name aldehydes and ketones 3.To learn about some common carboxylic acids and esters 4.To learn about some common polymers Objectives

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds A. Aldehydes and Ketones Carbonyl group – carbon oxygen group found in both aldehydes and ketones –Ketone – carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds A. Aldehydes and Ketones –Aldehyde – carbonyl group always appears on the end of the hydrocarbon chain and has at least one H atom bonded to the carbonyl group

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds A. Aldehydes and Ketones

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds B. Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes –Use the parent alkane name. Remove the  e and replace it with  al.

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds B. Naming Aldehydes and Ketones Ketones –Use the parent alkane name. Remove the  e and replace it with  one. Use a number to indicate the position of the carbonyl group in the hydrocarbon chain. –Select the number so that the carbonyl has the lowest possible number.

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds C. Carboxylic Acids and Esters Carboxylic acids – contains the carboxyl group –COOH General formula RCOOH Weak acids in solution

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds C. Carboxylic Acids and Esters To name carboxylic acids –Use the parent alkane name. Remove the  e and replace it with  oic.

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds C. Carboxylic Acids and Esters Esterification – a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and a water molecule –General formula

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds C. Carboxylic Acids and Esters To name esters (made from alcohol + acid) –Use the alkyl name from the alcohol followed by the acid name, where the –ic ending is replaced by –ate. isopropylethanoate

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds C. Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds D. Polymers Polymers – large chainlike molecules made from many small molecules called monomers –Simplest polymer – polyethylene –Polyethylene results from addition polymerization.

Section 20.4 Additional Organic Compounds D. Polymers Condensation polymerization – a small molecule (often water) is released for each addition of a monomer to the polymer chain Copolymer – 2 different types of monomers combine to form the chain –Nylon