1 Chapter 22 Assessing Motor Behavior © Gallahue, D.L., & Ozmun, J.C.. Understanding Motor Development. McGraw-Hill

2 Key Concept Motor Assessment of Developmental Levels Is Essential If Developmentally Appropriate Physical Activity Programming Is to Be a Reality for Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Adults

3 Characteristics of Good Assessment Instruments Validity (measures what it claims to) - Content validity (expert opinion) -Criterion validity (compares favorably to other tests) -Construct validity (uses multivariate statistical comparison) Reliability (measures consistently whatever it is measuring) - Test-retest reliability -Split half reliability Objectivity (yields similar results with different testers)

4 Types of Assessment Norm-referenced tests (based on large statistical samples) Criterion-referenced tests (based on pre- established standards or performance goals) Product instruments (yield quantitative scores of how far, fast, much etc.) Process instruments (yield qualitative scores of form, style, mechanics) Which type is best? (Depends on the situation, needs, & expertise)

5 Motor Assessment: Infancy –Early Childhood Apgar Screening Test (table 22.1) Denver II Developmental Screening Test (table 22.2) Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2 nd ed. (table 22.3) Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2 nd ed. (table 22.4)

6 Motor Assessment: Childhood - Adolescence Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (short form: screening, long form: diagnostic, research tool) Fundamental Movement Pattern Assessment Instrument (3 stage approach to informal, qualitative assessment of 20+ fundamental skills) Developmental Sequence of Fundamental Motor Skills Inventory (5 stage approach to informal, qualitative assessment of 10 fundamental skills)

7 Motor Assessment: Childhood – Adolescence (cont.) Test of Gross Motor Development, 2 nd ed. (12 item qualitative assessment, both norm & criterion referenced) Movement Assessment Battery for Children (assesses deficiencies in gross & fine motor skills, uses qualitative & quantitative scoring)

8 Motor Assessment: Adults Functional Fitness Assessment for Adults Over 60 Years (measures combination of health-related physical fitness components & motor performance characteristics) Activities of daily living scales (many exist, few have been validated)

9 Naturalistic Assessment Ecological Task Analysis (table 22.5 & 6) 1. Examiner selects & presents task goal 2.Individual selects the skill &/or implements needed to accomplish the task 3.Examiner gives guidance, emphasizes goal of the task & brings attention to relevant environmental conditions 4.Examiner gives direct instruction on skill selection & and movement form Interdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment (team observational assessment in natural settings)

10 Concluding Concept Motor Assessment, Formal or Informal, Is Essential to Successful Identification of Functional Levels and Subsequent Programming for Physical Activity