AN AGE OF DEMOCRACY & PROGRESS CHAPTER 26 WORLD HISTORY

DEMOCRATIC REFORM & ACTIVISM Upper classes ran British government with wealthy landowners in control. suffrage – right to vote Reform Bill of 1832 – eased property requirements so more middle class citizens could vote Only a small class of men could still vote Chartist movement – workers and other non-voters who pushed for suffrage over a period of many years Queen Victoria – 18 in 1837 and ruled for 64 years – she was popular and Britain reached the height of it’s empire

DEMOCRATIC REFORM & ACTIVISM

Women become militant in protests, are arrested and force fed when they go on hunger strikes Emmeline Pankhurst and daughters were leaders in women’s suffrage movement Women get right to vote after WWI

DEMOCRATIC REFORM & ACTIVISM France, Democracy and anti-Semitism France had a change of govt. yearly Third Republic – lasted 60 years, but many divisions Dreyfus Affair – Jewish army officer framed and sent to jail. Truth was covered up for a few years until he was exonerated Anti-Semitism – prejudice against Jews pogroms – organized campaigns of violence against Jews Russia and other countries many Jews to leave and many came to America (100s killed, raped, 100s of towns) Long history of exile and persecution convinced Jews to work for a homeland in Palestine Zionism – movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland in Israel

DEMOCRATIC REFORM & ACTIVISM

SELF RULE FOR BRITISH COLONIES British had trading colonies around the world by 1800 Sun never set on the British empire Canada had native population, French, British, and British sympathizers from the Revolutionary War Upper (Ontario) and Lower (Quebec) were formed with separate governments Durham Report – Upper and Lower Canada should unite and govern themselves dominion – self-governing, but part of another country Canada expands to the pacific by 1871 and builds a transcontinental RR by 1885

SELF RULE FOR BRITISH COLONIES Australia & New Zealand James Cook claims both for Britain Maori – Polynesian people who settled NZ in A.D. 800 Aborigines- native people of Australia – longest ongoing culture in the world penal colony – where people went to serve jail terms to avoid overcrowded prisons Free settlers arrive in Australia Britain recognized Maori and NZ was settled slowly with missionaries arriving 1 st AUS 1 st with secret ballot, NZ 1 st for women to vote in 1893 Disease killed many natives and land was taken from both tribes while aborigines were killed

SELF RULE FOR BRITISH COLONIES

Irish English move into Ireland in 1100 and Irish resent English Irish Catholics fight with English Protestants through today potato famine, 1 million out of 8 dies and 1.5 million leave home rule – local control over internal matters only British don’t want to abandon Irish Protestants IRA – Irish Republican Army – fought for Irish independence Northern Ireland is still part of Great Britain

SELF RULE FOR BRITISH COLONIES

WAR AND EXPANSION IN THE UNITED STATES

manifest destiny – the U.S. had a right and a duty to rule North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans Indian Removal Act of 1830 – forces Indians west Cherokees – Trail of Tears – 800 miles from GA to OK, 25% die 1836 Texas gains independence and is annexed in 1845 by the U.S. Mexico still claimed Texas and considers annexation an act of war 1846 to 1848 war gives Mexican cession including CA 1853 – Gadsden Purchase

WAR AND EXPANSION IN THE UNITED STATES

secede – withdraw from Union U.S. Civil War Emancipation Proclamation – 1863 – declared all slaves in Confederacy free Reconstruction – Union troops occupied the South and enforced constitutional protections segregation – separation of blacks and whites in the South Industrialization expands after the war as U.S. is world’s leading producer by s – 2,000 immigrants a day, 20 million by transcontinental railroad was completed 1900 – 200,000 miles of track

NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS Inventions Gasoline Electric generator Thomas Edison – 1,000 patents, light bulb & phonograph Alexander Graham Bell – telephone Gugliemo Marconi – radio & Morse Code Henry Ford – affordable, standardized, interchangeable cars assembly line – line of workers who each put a single piece on a car Wright Brothers – 1903 gas powered flight at Kitty Hawk, NC

NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS

Inventions Louis Pasteur – pasteurization – heat to kill bacteria Joseph Lister – anti-septics or germ killing liquids Plumbing and sewer systems Vaccines – typhus, typhoid fever, diptheria and yellow fever Charles Darwin – Theory of Evolution – forms of life evolve from existing forms of life Gregor Mendel – monk – genetics John Dalton – all matter made of tiny particles Dmitri Mendeleev – Russian – Periodic Table Marie and Pierre Curie – radioactivity Ernest Rutherford, Max Planck, Neils Bohr and Albert Einstein – structure and energy of atoms

NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS

NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS Inventions Social sciences – archaeology, anthropology, sociology and psychology – the study of behavior Sigmund Freud – psychoanalysis Mass culture – the appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience Leisure activities – music performances, movies, sporting events, singing, dancing, juggling, comedians, acrobats, & magicians