Internet Evolution in Indonesia Onno W. Purbo Ex. Civil Servant Ex. Lecturer at ITB Works for Indonesian People

Important Key Factor Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$

Major Achievements Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB, in fact, some of these institutions are piggy back on our successes ..

Overview Historical View Key Strategies in injecting a bottom-up community based development. Internet community development Commercial ISP development Government & incumbent repressive approaches. Technical aspects in empowering people’s power to overrule the government ..

Historical View Focus on Social (human) Aspects

Network Topology: Jan 1993

Homebrew Radio Modem

Software & PC based 286 & only Freeware network operating system (NOS) Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/ ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

AI3 Indonesia: 1997 AI3 Indonesia IIX WIDE AI3 S-One / SingaREN vBNS STARTAP CA*net3 TransPAC APAN

Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development Culture! Shifting mind set! Self-financing. Human is the key factor!

Key strategies: Community Based Dev’t

Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

Society Education Process

Real Examples Mailing lists Roadshow Linux seminar, entrance fee US$3/person Free seminars at schools part of JIS.

Internet Community Development

Access Behaviour Source: Adi Nugroho 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi January 2002.

Logged Access Sites in Makassar *.yahoo.com6.96% *.yimg.com6.77% *.bolehmail.com4.69% 2.98% *.plasa.com2.52% *.astaga.com2.02% *.17tahun.com1.72% *.doubleclick.net1.46% *.extrajos.com1.40% *.msn.com1.16% *.akamai.net1.00% *.freebiespider.com0.85% *.geocities.com0.76% *.rileks.com0.75% > * 0.74% > *.chek.com 0.61% > *.detik.com 0.49% > *.adbutler.com 0.44% > *.kompas.com 0.40% > *.icq.com 0.27% > other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01% > > Sum %

Access Behaviour Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. News & online media are next. Indonesian pornograhics site is next in the row (not much). 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

Indonesian Internet Communities Survey done at yahoogroups.com

Historical Perspective ’90: ’96: ’99:

Evaluate yahoogroups.com indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

Evaluation Total mailinglist49913 Evaluated30195 (60.5%) Mailing list > 100 subs1247 (4.2%)

Mailing lists total 1247 Pornography 73 (5.9%) Social350 (28.1%) Religion 155 (12.4%) Politics 94 (7.5%) Knowledge 257 (20.6%) Hobby 110 (8.8 %) Economics 16 (1.3%) Business 192 (15.4 %)

Subscribers total Pornography (13.2%) Social87875 (19.4%) Religion (12.2%) Politics (7.1%) Knowledge (18.5%) Hobby (10.7 %) Economics 4595 (1.0%) Business (17.8 %)

Messages in 2001 total Pornography (2.7%) Social (23.3%) Religion (12.0%) Politics (11.7%) Knowledge (18.3%) Hobby (14.8%) Economics (0.8%) Business (16.4%)

Activeness (msg/subs/month) Pornography 0.71 Social4.23 Religion 3.46 Politics 5.81 Knowledge 3.48 Hobby 4.88 Economics 2.95 Business 3.25

Bandwidth (Kbps) total 1,711 Pornography 704 (41.2%) Social236 (13.8%) Religion 146 (8.5%) Politics 113 (6.6 %) Knowledge 270 (15.8%) Hobby 103 (6.0%) Economics 9 (0.6%) Business 128 (7.5%)

Commercial ISP Development

Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association IndoNet the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities APJII IIX APJII IDNIC Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

Principal & Operational License

Subscriber Distribution

Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

ISP Indonesia Internet Exchange ISP GLOBAL INTERNET APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

Indonesia Internet Disaster..

Facing Stubborn Incumbent The Incumbent is paranoid on VoIP US$30/incoming call line/month; from normally US$3/month No E1 lines for Indosat & may ISPs No E1 lines for offices The stubborn incumbent is stubborn Purposely no lines for ISP in several islands.

Gov’t Emergency Task Force Sickness in Gov’t Policy Framework No competitive safeguard ISP must uses PSTN lines; while Telco doesn’t want to give lines to ISP  … Sickness in Gov’t Tactical Framework No creativities are allowed Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” VoIP operators Illegaly sweeping all “illegal” high-speed Internet Wireless users. Not to mention the unofficial gov’t taxes.

Technical aspects in empowering people’s power

Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps Estimated cost US$150 / unit “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz Build own network, no Telco!

Wireless 11Mbps PCI Card

2.4Ghz Ant.

Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11- 54Mbps)

Indonesian Internet Cafes Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at asosiasi- Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout Fight for free frequency license

Aims for.. People’s Telecommunication Infrastructure. No Incumbent / Telco No Government No IMF, No World Bank, No ADB