 mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth  makes up the air we breathe  extends to outer space

 78% - N 2  21% - O 2  01% - CO 2, He, Ne, Ar, CH 4, Xe, Kr, H 2

 tiny, solid particles  including…soil, salt, ash from fires and volcanoes, skin, hair, pollen, bacteria,…

 pressure exerted by the air/atmosphere on an object  due to the pull of gravity  as altitude (height above sea level) increases the atmosphere is less dense; “thinner”; less air pressure  less air pressure makes it difficult to breathe

 tallest mountain - 29,029 feet above sea level  1 in 60 die attempting to climb the mountain  most dangerous aspect is not trying to reach the summit… it is trying to get back down  most deaths on Mount Everest occur above 26,000 feet an area known as the “death zone”

 first attempt to climb the mountain - unsuccessful  Edmund Hillary & Tenzing Norgay reach the summit  1996 – 15 climbers die – most in a season  2008 – began an effort to remove debris from the mountain  2014 – 16 Sherpa guides die in an avalanche  2015 – 19 killed as a result of an earthquake

Video – Surviving Deadly Everest – 6 min wcvin Video - Climbing Everest – Taking Your Breath Away – 3 min your-breath-away-video.htm Ice fall - video – 8 min The Dangerous Road to Mount Everest –slides to-everest/2012/05/21/gIQAj9KYfU_gallery.html#photo=21

 Tropo-sphere  Strato-sphere  Meso-sphere  Thermo-sphere

 nearest Earth’s surface  contains the air we breathe  living things, airplanes, climate, weather  contains bad “ground level” ozone – O 3

 contains “good” ozone – O 3 – which absorbs harmful UV radiation (shielding the Earth) it is like sunscreen for the Earth

 coldest layer  where meteoroids (rock or metal object) burn up - we incorrectly call these “shooting stars”

 hottest – closest to sun  merges with outer space  auroras  space station & space shuttle & satellites

 also called northern/southern lights  natural light display  caused by charged particles (electrons & protons), entering Earth’s atmosphere  causes ionisation and excitation of atmospheric constituents resulting in optical emissions VIDEO – 2 min northern lights e.com/watch?v=fVsO Nlc3OUY

name in the case of commercial and civil satellites. The database is updated roughly quarterly (subscribe in the sidebar to the right!). The database contains 24 types of data for each satellite, including technical information about each satellite (mass, power, launch date, expected lifetime) and its orbit (apogee, perigee, inclination, and period), as well as what the satellite is used for, and who owns, operates, and built the satellite. Users can answer questions such as: How many satellites does a given country have in orbit, and what are they used for? How many satellites are used for military purposes versus commercial purposes? Which countries have earth-observing satellites? When was the oldest working satellite launched? At what altitudes do most satellites orbit? What activities are most satellites involved with? We welcome corrections, additions, and suggestions. These can be ed to the database manager at We Need Your Support to Make Change Happen We can increase global security and take U.S. nuclear weapons off hair-trigger alert—but not without you. Your generous support helps develop science-based solutions for a healthy, safe, and sustainable future. $25 $50 $100 $250 $1000 Other Donate Share Related Content What's Up! See the Database on Google Earth From our blogs Simplified Drawings: Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs)Dave LochbaumNovember 11, 2014Simplified Drawings: Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs) Out of Facts, Climate Contrarians Seek to IntimidateAaron HuertasNovember 10, 2014Out of Facts, Climate Contrarians Seek to Intimidate A Bad Day for the Climate, But Hope in the WestAdrienne AlvordNovember 7, 2014A Bad Day for the Climate, But Hope in the West More Get Database Updates Sign up to be notified when the database is updated. Your will not be used for any other purpose. On Twitter Satellite Quick Facts (includes launches through ) Total number of operating satellites: 1,235 United States: 512 Russia: 135 China: 116 Other: 472 Total number of U.S. satellites: 512 Civil: 18 Commercial: 214 Government: 121 Military: 159  imaging,  navigation,  military,  communication,….

name in the case of commercial and civil satellites. The database is updated roughly quarterly (subscribe in the sidebar to the right!). The database contains 24 types of data for each satellite, including technical information about each satellite (mass, power, launch date, expected lifetime) and its orbit (apogee, perigee, inclination, and period), as well as what the satellite is used for, and who owns, operates, and built the satellite. Users can answer questions such as: How many satellites does a given country have in orbit, and what are they used for? How many satellites are used for military purposes versus commercial purposes? Which countries have earth-observing satellites? When was the oldest working satellite launched? At what altitudes do most satellites orbit? What activities are most satellites involved with? We welcome corrections, additions, and suggestions. These can be ed to the database manager at We Need Your Support to Make Change Happen We can increase global security and take U.S. nuclear weapons off hair-trigger alert—but not without you. Your generous support helps develop science-based solutions for a healthy, safe, and sustainable future. $25 $50 $100 $250 $1000 Other Donate Share Related Content What's Up! See the Database on Google Earth From our blogs Simplified Drawings: Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs)Dave LochbaumNovember 11, 2014Simplified Drawings: Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs) Out of Facts, Climate Contrarians Seek to IntimidateAaron HuertasNovember 10, 2014Out of Facts, Climate Contrarians Seek to Intimidate A Bad Day for the Climate, But Hope in the WestAdrienne AlvordNovember 7, 2014A Bad Day for the Climate, But Hope in the West More Get Database Updates Sign up to be notified when the database is updated. Your will not be used for any other purpose. On Twitter rocket propelled to their orbit about 3,600 no longer useful & make up space debris when no longer useful…they are left in their current orbit or moved to a higher “graveyard” orbit removal of useless satellites is an issue Tethers Unlimited Inc. is developing a system for satellite removal VIDEO - NASA’S Earth Observing Fleet 2012 file:///C:/Users/nancy.dockery/AppData/Loc al/Microsoft/Windows/Temporary%20Inte rnet%20Files/Content.IE5/5BR53D02/NAS A_Earth- observing_Fleet_June_2012.ogv.480p.w ebm

 NASA - US government agency responsible for civilian space program and research  2011 space shuttle program was retired  Virgin Galactic - private company plans to provide spaceflight for tourists  ticket price of US $200,000+ VIDEO – Virgin Galactic Spaceship Crash 2014 – 3 min Virgin Galactic spaceship crashes in California - CBS News

 protects Earth + LT’s from sun’s harmful UV  allows visible light to reach Earth’s surface  allows some infrared radiation to reach the Earth; thereby warming the planet this could be this

 Radiation – transfer/flow of heat across space by waves (visible light, infrared radiation and UV light)  Conduction – transfer/flow of heat from warmer object to cooler object in direct physical contact  Convection – transfer/flow of heat by air or water currents

 air that is constantly moving upward, downward or sideways – convection currents

 a continual process of warm air/water rising and cool air/water sinking  results in a circular motion, called a convection current

Natural phenomenon that warms the earth The Earth is like a greenhouse – solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats the Earth.

 trap heat & prevent it from escaping  H 2 O vapor  CO 2  CH 4  CFC’s  nitrous oxide (N 2 O)