Education in the United Kingdom Prepared by Shafieva Elmira and Cherkesova Leila.

Table Of Contents Stages Home education in the United Kingdom Education in Wales Education in England Education in Scotland Education in Northern Ireland Education in Australia Education in Russia

Stages In each country there are five stages of education: early years, primary, secondary, further education (FE) and higher education (HE). The law states that full time education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16, the compulsory school age (CSA). In England, compulsory education or training has been extended to 18 for those born after 1 September This full-time education does not need to be at a school and a growing number of parents choose to home educate. Prior to the compulsory school age, children can be educated at nursery if parents wish though there is only limited government funding for such places.

Stages Further Education is non-compulsory, and covers non-advanced education which can be taken at further (including tertiary) education colleges and Higher Education institutions (HEIs). The fifth stage, Higher Education, is study beyond A levels or BTECs (and their equivalent) which, for most full-time students, takes place in universities and other Higher Education institutions and colleges. The National Curriculum (NC), established in 1988, provides a framework for education in England and Wales between the ages of 5 and 18. Though the National Curriculum is not compulsory it is followed by most state schools, but many private schools, academies, free schools and home educators design their own curricula. In Scotland the nearest equivalent is the Curriculum for Excellence programme, and in Northern Ireland there is something known as the common curriculum. The Scottish qualifications the National 4/5s, Highers and Advanced Highers are highly similar to the English Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced Level (A2) courses.

Home education in the United Kingdom Home education in the UK is often termed "elective home education" (EHE) to signify the independent nature of practice from state provisions such as education for children with ill-health provided by the local authority in the family home. EHE is a collective term used in the UK to describe education provided otherwise than through the schooling system. Parents have a duty to ensure their children are educated but the education legislation in England and Wales does not differentiate between school attendance or education otherwise than at school. Scots education legislation on the other hand differentiates between public (state) school provision and education “by other means”, which includes both private schooling and home education.

Education in Wales Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom. For example, a significant minority of students all over Wales are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction. Welsh medium education is available to all age groups through nurseries, schools, colleges and universities and in adult education; lessons in the language itself are compulsory for all pupils until the age of 16.

Education in England Education in England is overseen by the United Kingdom's Department for Education and Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Local government authorities are responsible for implementing policy for public education and state-funded schools at a local level. The education system is divided into stages based upon age: Early Years Foundation Stage (ages 3–5), primary education (ages 5– 11), secondary education (ages 11–18) and tertiary education (ages 18+). From the age of 16 there is a two-year period of education known as "sixth form" or "college" which typically leads to A-level qualifications (similar to a high school diploma in some other countries), or a number of alternate qualifications such as BTEC, the International Baccalaureate or the Cambridge Pre-U. England also has a tradition of independent schooling and Home schooling; legally, parents may choose to educate their children by any suitable means.

Education in Scotland Scotland has a long history of universal provision of public education, and the Scottish education system is distinctly different from those in the other countries of the United Kingdom. The Scotland Act 1998 gives the Scottish Parliament legislative control over all education matters, and the Education (Scotland) Act 1980 is the principal legislation governing education in Scotland. Traditionally, the Scottish system at secondary school level has emphasized breadth across a range of subjects, while the English, Welsh and Northern Irish systems have emphasized greater depth of education over a smaller range of subjects. Following this, Scottish universities generally have courses a year longer (typically 4 years) than their counterparts elsewhere in the UK, though it is often possible for students to take more advanced specialized exams and join the courses at the second year. One unique aspect is that the ancient universities of Scotland issue a Master of Arts as the first degree in humanities.

Education in Northern Ireland Education in Northern Ireland differs from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, although it is more similar to that used in Wales than it is to Scotland. A child's age on 1 July determines the point of entry into the relevant stage of education, unlike England and Wales where it is 1 September. Northern Ireland's results at GCSE and A-Level are consistently top in the UK. At A-Level and BTEC level 3, one third of students in Northern Ireland achieved A and distinction grades in 2007, which is a higher proportion than in England and Wales.

Education in Australia Education in Australia is internationally recognized as being of a very high standard. Schooling is compulsory from ages five to fifteen and is the responsibility of state governments. Although the states each have their own education system, they all follow the same model and receive extra funding from federal government. The Australian government provides public schools that are free of charge to residents of Australia. However, pupils that are in Australia on a temporary visa may have to pay school fees. As the school year (January to December) in Australia differs from many other countries, new arrivals to Australia should bring school reports and a reference from the previous school. This will help to determine the class that the child will join.

Education in Russia Training in Russian schools in the light of the new reforms in education begins at age 6 and lasts for 11 years on education (11 grades), basic education is 9 years old (9th grade). Although in Russia there is only one education system, after all curricula from school to school are different and change from year to year. School education in Russia is represented by the following types of schools: 1.elementary school; 2.secondary school; 3.lyceums; 4.gimnasium 5.special schools

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