ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

Economic rights Entrepreneurial freedom and the market-based regulation of economic relations are the backbone of all successful economies.

Duties of the state The state must: 1. ensure that certain rules of conduct are upheld in market competition between various economic subjects, so that all entrepreneurs may enjoy an equal legal position in the market

2. the state must use its regulatory powers to prevent the abuse of a monopolistic situation

Instruments of economic policy Modern states use various instruments of economic policy to intervene in market relations, including taxes, customs, subsidies and state investments Such a role of the state is particularly emphasized in severe economic crises

Economic rights ECONOMIC RIGHTS include the right to work, the right to the free choice of employment and to just and favourable conditions of work; the right to form and join trade unions: the right to strike; the right to social security; and the right to own property.

Economic rights of workers Workers are entitled to fair remuneration which may be claimed individually or through trade unions and other organizations

Social rights Rights to social security and social insurance Rights necessary for full participation in the the life of society The protection of families, children and persons with disabilities ‚Civil’ rights: for example, the rights to recreation, health care, privacy and freedom from discrimination

Cultural rights Most modern constitutions provide for citizens’ cultural rights, such as the right to education, scientific, cultural and artistic creativity, physical education and sports, as well as the right to a healthy life with an emphasis on the protection of public health, nature and a healthy environment

Constitution The system of laws and principles according to which a country is governed The rules and practices that determine the composition and functions of the organs of government and regulate the relationship between the individual and the state

The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia Economic rights

The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia Adopted on December 22, 1990 Revisions: November 1997, 2000 and 2001

Constitutional revisions The abolition of the House of Counties Transformation of the semi-presidential into the parliamentary system Regulation of the voting rights of citizens (dual citizenship)

Translate Article 48: The right of ownership shall be guaranteed Ownership implies obligations. Owners and users of property shall contribute to the general welfare A foreign person may acquire property under conditions spelled out by law. The right of inheritance shall be guaranteed.

Jamči se pravo vlasništva. Vlasništvo obvezuje. Nositelji vlasničkog prava i njihovi korisnici dužni su pridonositi općem dobru. Strana osoba može stjecati pravo vlasništva uz uvjete određene zakonom. Jamči se pravo nasljeđivanja.

Translate Article 49: Enterpreneural and market freedom shall be the basis of the economic system of the Republic of Croatia The State shall ensure all entrepreneurs an equal status on the market. Abuse of the monopoly position defined by law shall be forbidden. The State shall stimulate economic progress and social welfare and shall care of the economic development of all its regions.

Poduzetnička i tržišna sloboda temelj su gospodarskog ustroja Republike Hrvatske. Država osigurava svim poduzetnicima jednak pravni položaj na tržištu. Zabranjena je zlouporaba monopolskog položaja određenog zakonom. Država potiče gospodarski napredak i socijalno blagostanje građana i brine se za gospodarski razvitak svih svojih krajeva.

Task Provide your own definition or explanation of market freedom and monopoly! Compare them with those provided by your colleagues

Market freedom Economic system in which the prices depend on how many items are available and how many people want to buy them, rather than prices getting fixed by governments Supply and demand are not regulated or are regulated with minor restrictions

Monopoly Control of all the market for a product or service Possession of, or control over, something which is not shared by others

Translate Article 49: The rights acquired through the investment of capital shall not be diminished by law, or by other legal act. Foreign investors shall be guaranteed free transfer and repatriation of profits and the capital invested.

Prava stečena ulaganjem kapitala ne mogu se umanjiti zakonom niti drugim pravnim aktom. Inozemnom ulagaču jamči se slobodno iznošenje dobiti i uloženog kapitala.

Translate Article 50: Property may, in the interest of the Republic of Croatia, be restricted or expropriated by law upon payment of compensation equal to its market value. The exercise of enterpreneurial freedom and property rights may exceptionally be restricted by law for the purposes of protecting the interests and security of the Republic of Croatia, nature, the environment and public health.

Zakonom je moguće u interesu Republike Hrvatske ograničiti ili oduzeti vlasništvo, uz naknadu tržišne vrijednosti. Poduzetnička se sloboda i vlasnička prava mogu iznimno ograničiti zakonom radi zaštite interesa i sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske, prirode, ljudskog okoliša i zdravlja ljudi.

Expropriation The taking by the state of private property for public purposes.

Translate Article 51: Everyone shall participate in the defrayment of public expenses in accordance with his or her economic capabilities. The system of taxation shall be based on the principles of equality and equity.

Svatko je dužan sudjelovati u podmirenju javnih troškova, u skladu sa svojim gospodarskim mogućnostima. Porezni se sustav temelji na načelima jednakosti i pravednosti.

Vocabulary Holders of the right of ownership – nositelji vlasničkih prava Conditions spelled out by law – uvjeti propisani zakonom The right of inheritance – pravo nasljeđivanja Entrepreneurial freedom – poduzetnička sloboda Entrepreneur - poduzetnik Market freedom – tržišna sloboda Social welfare – socijalno blagostanje Investor – ulagač Expropriation – izvlaštenje, oduzimanje vlasništva Principle of equity – načelo pravičnosti

Translate the following: U drugom stavku članka 48 Ustav određuje: ''Vlasništvo obvezuje. Nositelji vlasničkog prava i njihovi korisnici dužni su pridonositi općem dobru.'' Vlasništvo, dakle, nije samo pravo raspolagati svojom imovinom, već i dužnost pridonositi općem dobru razmjerno opsegu te imovine. Ta norma predstavlja ustavni temelj za zakonsko uređivanje poreznih obveza na temelju vlasništva.

A suggested translation Paragraph 2 of Article 48 the Constitution provides: "Ownership implies obligations. Owners and users of property shall contribute to the general welfare." Ownership, therefore, is not just the right to dispose of one's own property, but also a duty to contribute to the general welfare in proportion with the scope of that property. That norm represents the constitutional ground/foundation for the legal regulation of tax obligations based on ownership.

Thank you for your attention!