Interannual Variability (Indian Ocean Dipole) P. N. Vinayachandran Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS) Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

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Presentation transcript:

Interannual Variability (Indian Ocean Dipole) P. N. Vinayachandran Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS) Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore Summer School on Dynamics of North Indian Ocean June-July 2010

Outline What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics IOD Impacts

The Unique Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean Dipole Figure Courtesy : FRCGC, Tokyo 1961, 1963, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1994 and 1997 [Yamagata et al., 2002]

Measure of IOD : Dipole Mode Index DMI=SSTA West -SSTA East West = 50°E-70°E;10°S-10°N East = 90°E-110°E;10° S-0° Vinayachandran et al., 2009

Positive IOD

Negative Dipole

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics IOD Impacts

Seasonal Evolution: Ocean

Seasonal Evolution: Atmosphere

October 2006 Anomalies SST (shaded) winds (vectors) winds (vectors) and OLR (contour) and OLR (contour) Indian Ocean Dipole Events

QSCAT Wind Anomalies for 2006 APR MAY JUNSEP OCTDEC

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics IOD Impacts

SSTA : Model – GISST Comparison Vinayachandran et al., DSRII, 2002

Base code GFDL MOM4, 30S-30N; 30E – 120EBase code GFDL MOM4, 30S-30N; 30E – 120E Horizontal resolution: 0.25º X 0.25ºHorizontal resolution: 0.25º X 0.25º 40 Vertical Levels, 5m resolution in the top 60m40 Vertical Levels, 5m resolution in the top 60m Horizontal mixing: Chassignet and Garaffo (2001)Horizontal mixing: Chassignet and Garaffo (2001) Vertical mixing: KPP (Large et al., 1994)Vertical mixing: KPP (Large et al., 1994) Forced by daily dataForced by daily data High Resolution Indian Ocean Model Wind stress Wind speed, air temperature, humidity Incoming shortwave and longwave radiation, Chlorophyll Rainfall and river discharge

1.Climatology: 7years, forced by OMIP (based on ERA-15 reanalysis), SeaWiFS chl, CMAP Rainfall and SAGE river discharge. 2. QSCAT RUN: QSCAT Winds, SeaWiFS Chl, TRMM Rain and NCEP (Radiation, Ta, q), 19 July 1999 onwards. Model Experiments Vinayachandran et al., GRL, 2007

Dipole Mode Index Standard deviation of DMI:Model = 0.42; TMI = 0.53

SSTA : Model – TMI ComparisonJuly September October

MSLA : Model – Altimetry ComparisonJuly September October

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics IOD Impacts

Mixed Layer Heat Balance (East) : Heat flux Entrainment Advection

Mixed Layer Heat Balance (West) : Heat flux Entrainment Advection

Murtugudde et al., 2000, JGR 75-85E, 5S-5N E,10S-Eq. Mixed Layer Heat Balance (anomalies) :

Upper Ocean (50m) Heat Budget: 2006 EAST WEST

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics 1. Equatorial Jets IOD Impacts

Equatorial Jets Winds and SST May October Vinayachandran et al., GRL, 1999 Anomalies: winds and SST

Equatorial Zonal Winds Francis et al., Tellus, 2007

Equatorial Jets during IOD events

Impact of Equatorial Jets Hastenrath et al., 1993, JGR

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics 2. Thermocline anomalies, Kelvin waves and Rossby Waves IOD Impacts

Subsurface anomalies

Thermocline Anomalies & Wave Propagations

Observational Evidence

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics 3. Upwelling IOD Impacts

Upwelling off Sumatra Upwelling off Sumatra

What is Indian Ocean Dipole? Seasonal Evolution Modeling IOD Mixed Layer Processes Ocean Dynamics 3. Upwelling IOD Impacts

Murtugudde et al., 2000, JGR; Vinayachandran and Mathew, 2003, GRL Impact of IOD on Ocean Biology

Indian Ocean Dipole andMonsoon

Extremes of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall, IOD & ENSO (period: ) Gadgil et al., 2003

Salinity Variations

Fluxes Advection Entrainment September November Processes

SSS Anomaly non-IOD Composite

Summary Indian Ocean Dipole :Dominant signal in the interannual variability. Coupled ocean – atmospheric phenomenon in the Indian Ocean. SST, thermocline, winds convection all take part in an IOD event. OGCMs reproduce IOD events well and illustrate the role of ocean dynamics in the evolution of SST anomalies. Unresolved issues: Triggering, dependence on ENSO, intraseasonal oscillations, impact on monsoons.

Thank You