Standard Addressed: 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. Learning Objectives: Section 2 – The Second New Deal Takes Hold 1. Describe the purpose of the Second New Deal. 2. Summarize New Deal programs for farmers. 3. Identify the Second New Deal programs aimed at assisting young people and professionals. 4. Summarize labor and economic reforms carried out under the Second New Deal.

Section 2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold The Second New Deal includes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy. NEXT

THE NEW DEAL AMERICA GETS BACK TO WORK

The Second Hundred Days Furthering the New Deal By 1935, economic recovery not as great as FDR had expected FDR launches second phase: more relief for farmers, workers First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, a social reformer, prods president The Second New Deal Takes Hold 2 SECTION NEXT Reelecting FDR 1936, Democrats win presidency, large majorities in both houses First time most African Americans vote Democratic First time labor unions support presidential candidate

SECTION 2: THE SECOND NEW DEAL Although the economy had improved during FDR’s first term ( ), the gains were not as great as expected Unemployment remained high and production still lagged

FDR WINS IN AGAIN FDR had wide appeal in the United States, especially in urban areas African Americans, Jews, Catholics and immigrants all supported the popular president FDR & Eleanor campaign by rail in 1936

ROOSEVELT (RED) VS. LANDON (BLUE) 1936 ELECTION

Chapter 15: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS A – Why did Roosevelt launch the Second Hundred Days? –Roosevelt launched the Second Hundred Days based on the popularity of the First Hundred Days and the urging of his wife.

Helping Farmers Focusing on Farms 1936 Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act replaces AAA - rewards farmers for practicing soil conservation New Agricultural Adjustment Act avoids unconstitutional provision Resettlement Administration gives loans to small farmers to buy land Farm Security Administration—loans to tenant farmers to buy land FSA hires photographers to shoot rural towns, farms, farmers 2 SECTION NEXT

THE SECOND HUNDRED DAYS FDR launches the “Second New Deal” also called the “Second Hundred Days” First priority was the farmers – FDR reinvigorated the AAA which provided aid for migrants, sharecroppers, and poor farmers FDR authorized more than $1 billion to help tenant farmers become landowners

Group What Problems … What laws … Farmers, migrants workers, and others living in rural areas Soil depletion; dust storms; lack of electricity bank foreclosures; inability to buy land; squalid housing; Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act; Rural Electrification Administration; Public Utilities Holding Company Act Farm Mortgage Moratorium; Resettlement Administration; Guided Reading:

Roosevelt Extends Relief Programs for Urban Workers Works Progress Administration (WPA)—creates jobs WPA workers build airports, roads, public buildings Women workers sew clothes for the needy WPA employs professional writers, artists, performers National Youth Administration (NYA)—education, jobs, counseling Gives aid to students in exchange for part-time work 2 SECTION NEXT

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION Helping urban workers was critical to the success of the Second Hundred Days The WPA set out to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible Between , the WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers

WPA BUILDS AMERICA WPA workers built 850 airports, 651,000 miles of roads and streets, and 125,000 public buildings The WPA also hired artists, writers and photographers to create art The Davis Street School Extension in Atlanta under construction as part of the Works Progress Administration Program, November 2, 1936

NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION The National Youth Administration (NYA) was created to provide education, jobs and recreation for young people Getting young people off the streets and into schools and jobs was a high priority for the NYA

Chapter 15: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS B – Do you think work programs like the WPA were a valid use of federal money? Why or why not? –Yes- they provided an income to people in need, while producing public works –No- private business, rather than the federal govt should provide jobs.

Group What Problems … What laws … Students and other young people Unemployed; poverty; hopelessness; loss of dignity; lack of spending money Works Progress Administration; National Youth Administration Guided Reading:

Improving Labor and Other Reforms Improving Labor Conditions National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, replaces NIRA: - protects right to join unions, collective bargaining - prohibits unfair labor practices National Labor Relations Board hears testimony about labor practices Holds elections to determine if workers want unions Fair Labor Standards Act sets maximum hours, minimum wage 2 SECTION NEXT Continued...

Chapter 15: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS C – Why was the Wagner Act significant? –The Wagner Act gave the federal govt power to protect and aid workers.

Group What Problems … What laws … Teachers, writers, artists, and other professionals Unemployment; poverty; hopelessness; loss of dignity Works Progress Administration Guided Reading:

The Social Security Act 1935, Social Security Act creates Social Security system; provides: - insurance for retirees 65 or older - unemployment compensation - aid to disabled, families with children continued Improving Labor and Other Reforms 2 SECTION NEXT Expanding and Regulating Utilities Rural Electrification Administration brings electricity to farms Public Utility Holding Company Act aims to stop financial corruption

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT One of the most important achievements of the New Deal era was the creation of the Social Security System The Social Security Act, passed in 1935, had 3 parts: Old-Age Pension Unemployment compensation Aid to families with dependent children & disabled (welfare)

Group What Problems … What laws … All workers, including the unemployed Unemployment; poverty; hopelessness; loss of dignity Social Security Act Works Progress Administration; National Youth Administration; Wagner Act; National Relations Board; Fair Labor Standards Act; Guided Reading:

Group What Problems … What laws … Retired workers Poverty; hopelessness; loss of dignity Social Security Act Guided Reading:

Chapter 15: Section 2 MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS D – Whom did Social Security help? –It helped retirees and their spouses, the unemployed, families with dependent children, and the disabled.

Group What Problems … What laws … The disabled, the needy elderly, and dependent mothers and children Poverty; hopelessness; loss of dignity Social Security Act Guided Reading: