Components: Kidneys –Produce urine Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra The Urinary System Functions: Homeostasis of blood pH, volume and electrolytes

Retroperitoneal Location Renal capsule Inner layer lines renal sinus Adipose capsule Renal fascia

Right Kidney lower

Outer renal cortex Central renal pyramid Inner renal sinus Renal Anatomy

6-18 renal pyramids –Renal papillae project into renal sinus Renal columns Renal Sinuses filled with Adipose Major calyx Minor calyx Lead to spaces and renal sinus –Continuous with ureter Inner Kidney

Blood Flow

Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Afferent arteriole Veins carry same names

Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Loop of Henle (nephron loop) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) –Then on to collecting system Connecting tubule Collecting duct Papillary duct The Nephron

Histology

~85% are cortical nephrons –Short loops of Henle –Efferent arteriole provides blood to peritubular capillaries Juxtamedullary nephrons –Closer to medulla –Loops of Henle extend deep into renal pyramids Two Nephrons types

Renal Corpuscle

Thick membrane –Lamina densa Blood arrives at vascular pole of glomerulus –Afferent arteriole Blood departs via efferent arteriole –Peritubular capillaries –Vasa recta Glomerulus – Fenestrated Capillary bed

Actively reabsorbs –Nutrients (glucose and amino acids) –Ions (K +, Na +, Cl - ) –Small plasma proteins Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Descending limb Ascending limb Each one has thick and thin segment Water balance Ascending limb - delivers fluid to DCT Actively secretes ions and other materials Reabsorbs sodium ions Distal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle

Bladder

Bladder Histology

Urethra

Male Urethra Prostate gland Incontinence Retention Cystitis and Urethritis Internal and External Urethral Sphincters

Sphincters of Urethra