How many organ systems can you name?  On your paper list as many organ systems as you can.  ****BELLRINGER*****

Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems What are living things made of?

Living Things  A living thing is an organism.  A structure is a body part that does a certain job for an organism.  The function of a structure is the job it does for the organism.

Living things have five basic life functions:  Grow and develop (mitosis: asexual reproduction)  Use energy (they get energy by eating and breaking down food: cellular respiration or making food: photosynthesis) or making food: photosynthesis)  Reproduce  Respond to the environment  Get rid of waste

Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems  A cell is the smallest unit of living matter; the building block of a living thing.  Tissues are groups of cells working together to perform a certain job.  Organs are groups of tissues that perform a certain function.  Organs working together to carry out a certain life function are an organ system.

Organ Systems and Homeostasis The Human Body!

Homeostasis  All of the body systems work together to maintain homeostasis.  This is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.

The 11 Human Body Systems The 11 human body systems are as follows: -- nervous system-- integumentary system -- respiratory system-- digestive system -- excretory system-- skeletal system -- muscular system-- circulatory system -- endocrine system-- reproductive system -- lymphatic (immune) system

The Digestive System Purpose: to convert food particles into simpler micromolecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body Major Organs and their Functions: Mouth – to chew and grind up food -- saliva also begins the chemical breakdown Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach Stomach – secretes an acid that breakdowns food Pancreas – produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods

Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use Small Intestine – after digestion is complete, waste enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the bloodstream Large Intestine – removes water from the waste and gets the waste ready for excretion

Reproductive System  Function: contains organs that produce sex cells (called gametes) and produces chemicals that regulate physical development of maturing bodies.  Females: Produces eggs; grows and nourishes the fetus  Males: Produces sperm

The Excretory (Urinary) System Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts

The Respiratory System Purpose: to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide Major Organs and Their Functions Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi – -- The diaphragm is the muscle that causes you to breath; hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm

The Circulatory System Purpose: to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in your body so they can undergo cellular respiration Major Organs Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Spleen

The Nervous System Purpose: to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment Major Organs Brain Spinal Cord Nerves

The Endocrine System Purpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones Major Organs -- hypothalamus -- pituitary gland -- thyroid -- parathyroid -- adrenal glands -- pancreas -- testes -- ovaries

The Skeletal System Purpose: to provide structure and support to the human body Bones are where new blood cells are generated (in the marrow), and require the mineral calcium for strength Major Bones of the Human Body -- femur (thigh bone)-- humerus (upper arm) -- radius and ulna (lower arm)-- cranium (skull) -- sternum (breastbone)-- clavicle (shoulder blade) -- fibula and tibia (calf)-- vertebrae (back) -- scalpula (shoulder)-- pelvic bone -- coccyx (tail bone)-- phalanges (fingers/toes)

The Muscular System Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human body -- muscle cells are fibrous -- muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary Major Muscles in the Human Body -- biceps -- triceps-- deltoids -- glutes-- hamstrings

The Lymphatic (immune) System Purpose: to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body Major Organs and Their Functions Lymph Nodes – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system White Blood Cells- fight diseases & pathogens

Integumentary System  Purpose: provides a barrier and protection for your body.  Organs: skin, hair, and nails  This is the largest organ system!!!!

Review  What are the 4 levels of organization of living things?  What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?