Absolute Zero Theoretical temperature of a gas when its pressure is zero Kelvin scale – temperature scale where 0 K is absolute zero One degree change.

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Presentation transcript:

Absolute Zero Theoretical temperature of a gas when its pressure is zero Kelvin scale – temperature scale where 0 K is absolute zero One degree change in Kelvin is the same as one degree change in Celsius Conversion: K = oC + 273 There are no negative temperatures in Kelvin! For this unit, ALWAYS use Kelvin!

Kinetic Molecular Theory (How gas molecules behave) Very small particles Distances between particles are large In constant, random motion Collisions are perfectly elastic Kinetic energy (energy of motion) depends of temperature of gas Particles exert no force on each other

Pressure Force of a gas over an area Related to number of collisions of molecules Pressure exerted by air = atmospheric pressure

Units for Pressure Atmospheric Pressure is: 1 atmosphere = 1 bar 101,325 Pascal (Pa) 101.325 kiloPascals (kPa) 760 mm Hg 760 torr 14.7 psi

Marshmallow Man Explain why he gets bigger, then shrinks! He gets larger because the air molecules in the marshmallow take up more space Gets a little smaller while still in the low pressure container because gas molecules escape Gets much smaller when back to atmospheric pressure

Gas Laws Boyle’s Law: P1V1=P2V2 Lussac’s Law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 Charles’ Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 All Temperatures must be in Kelvin! (oC+273) (otherwise your proportions will be off!)

Pick your equation, then solve… A gas occupies 3.3 L of space at 25oC. It was warmed to 75oC. How much space does it take up? A container has three gases: O2, N2, and He. Their partial pressures are 2 kPa, 3.5 kPa, and 7 kPa. What is the total pressure? What would the volume be if you have 15 g of O2 at STP?